الفهرس 
CisplatinOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly effective antineoplastic drug commenly used for treatment of wide verity of solid tumors. However, the clinical usefulness of this drug is limited by the development of nephrotoxicity, a side effect that may be produced in various animal spices. Primary targets of cisplatin in kidneys are proximal and distal convoluted tubules, where it accumulates and promotes cellular damage and by involving multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis and inflammation. The exact mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced are still not fully understood.
Despite all the marvelous advancements in modern medicine, traditional herbal medicine has always been practiced. N. sativa is the most common herbal medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases. Its oil has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic and antineoplastic activity without significant adverse effects. This may be related to their cytoprotective and antioxidant actions.
The aim of the current study was to detect the possible protective effect of Nigella sativa oil on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity at both light and electron microscopic level.
Thirty adult male albino rats, 200-250 gm in weight were used in this study. They were divided into three groups, each contains ten rats.
Group I:
Each rat was given 0.5 ml of 0.9 ml normal saline by intraperitoneal injection daily for 7 days.
Group II:
Each rat was given cisplatin at a single daily dose of 1 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection daily for 7 days.
Group III:
Each rat was given:
- Nigella sativa oil at a single daily dose of 2 ml/kg orally for 10 days.
- Cisplatin starting 3 days after Nigella sativa first dose at a single daily dose of 1 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection daily for 7 days.
After 24 hours from the last dose of cisplatin, the rat were sacrified and kidney specimens were taken.
The specimens were processed for histological staining (H&E) and electron microscopic study.
Light microscopic examination of renal cortex obtained from group II showed histological changes in the form of vacuolation in the cytoplasm of renal tubules, loss of brush border, flattening of tubular lining epithelium ,widening of tubular lumen, necrosis, presence of cellular debris in the tubular lumen and focal inflammatory cells infilteration inbetween renal tubular cells.
Electron microscopic examination of renal cortex obtained from group II showed histlogical changes in the form of presence of multiple vacuoles in the cytoplasm of renal tubules, mitochondria become small and rounded, some nuclei of the renal tubules showed invagination of nuclear envelope and abnormal distribution of chromatin, other nuclei became shrinked.
Electron microscopic examination of glomerular filter of renal cortex from group II showed irregularity in the thickening of glomerular basement membrane, fused secondary process of podocytes.
Examination of specimens obtained from group III showed marked improvement and reduction in histological changes resulted from cisplatin administration at both light and electron microscopic examination levels. This improvement appeared in the form of reduction of vacuolation, necrosis and retaining normal height and shape of tubular cells by light microscopic examination and in form of decrease vacuoles, retaining normal elongated shape of mitochondria and nuclei of tubular cells which appeared rounded with normal chromatin distribution.
Also by electron microscopic examination, the histological changes that affected the glomerular filter markedly improved in the form of retaining the regularity of glomerular basement membrane, normal secondary processes of podocytes.
Conclusion:
In the present study the use of Nigella sativa oil before and during administration of cisplatin showed marked reduction in the toxic effect of cisplatin on the kidney which appeared in improvement of cisplatin induced histological changes on the kidney detected by light and electron microscopic examination. So we can consider Nigella sativa oil is a protective agent against cisplatin nephrotoxicity.