الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Alexandria as a coastal city has a combined sewer system that is designed to collect domestic sewage, rainwater runoff and industrial wastewater in the same pipe. Most of the time, combined sewer systems transport all of their wastewater to a sewage treatment plant, where it is treated and then discharged to a water body. During periods of heavy rainfall, however, the wastewater volume in a combined sewer system may exceed the capacity of the sewer system or treatment plant. For this reason, combined sewer systems are designed to overflow occasionally and discharge excess wastewater directly to the nearby streams, lakes, or other water bodies. Combining all kinds of wastewaters and occasionally stormwater, in addition, leads to a highly complex mixture of a wide variety of pollutants, heavily in composition and concentration. This mixture affects both collection systems and treatment plants, in turn; the effective removal of the pollutants becomes very difficult and more expensive depending on the require quality of treated wastewater. The stormwater pollution problem has two main components: a) the increased volume and rate of runoff from impervious surfaces. b) the concentration of pollutants in the runoff. On other hand, the pounding action of the rain destroys the asphalt structure causing erosion which increases water seepage and the potential of soil settlement resulting in serious damage to other utilities. The aim of this study is how the collected stormwater can be reused in a beneficial manner as commercial nurseries, golf course, landscape irrigation, Sod farms or recharge of ground water aquifers (by special infiltration facilities). In this case, reused stormwater provides double benefits reducing the effects of peak stormwater runoff and pollution on wastewater system, and reducing water demand to face water scarcity in Alexandria. Storm water reuse in urban areas is often inhibited by the lack of a dual collection system and its quality. This research is focused on studying and managing stormwater to reduce on site runoff, control flood and pollutants which are carried with the drainage from |