الفهرس 
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Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid and Ginger on lipid profile and various antioxidant parameters of heart and liver of hypercholesterolemic rats. The treatment was applied orally with diet or by gastric intubation daily for 1 month. Adult male albino rats were allocated for the present study.
Animal were divided into four groups:
i- Group 1 (Normal control) is given the normal diet
ii- Group 2 (Cholesterol group) is administrated the cholesterol enriched-diet daily for one month by adding 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to the control diet.
iii- Group 3 (Alpha lipoic acid group). This group is given the cholesterol enriched-diet with a dose 61.9mg/kg bw/day lipoic acid.daily for one month.
iv- Group 4 is (Ginger group) administrate the cholesterol enriched ginger diet (by adding 2% ginger powder) daily for one month.
Cholesterol group is compared with normal one and alpha lipoic acid and ginger group are compared with cholesterol group.
X- By the end of the experimental periods (30 day), rats were scarificed under diethyl ether anesthesia at fasting state. Portion of blood samples were collected and allowed to coagulate at room temperature and centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 30 minutes. The clear, non-haemolysed supernatant sera was quickly removed divided into four portions for each individual, and stored at - 20˚ C for subsequent analysis of the activities of serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride (TG), serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum very low density lipoprotein(vLDL), serum Cardio vascular risk index (CVR).
Heart and Liver tissues were quickly excised and homogenized in a saline solution (0.9 %), centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 15 minute and the supernatants were kept at -20 C for the assay of cardiac and hepatic oxidative stress marker [ (i) catalase activity, (ii) superoxide dismutase activity, (iii) malonaldhyde level, (iv) reduced glutathione level, (v) glutathione reductase .
The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis and revealed the following:-
1- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited high significant increase of serum cholesterol, whereas, the treatment with ginger improved cholesterol level. whereas, the treatment with alpha lipoic acid exerted no significant decrease in serum cholesterol.
2- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a significant increase of serum TG, whereas, the treatment with ginger and alpha lipoic acid improved TG level.
3- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a significant decrease of serum HDL, whereas, the treatment with ginger and alpha lipoic acid improved HDL level.
4- Serum LDL exhibited marked elevation in cholesterol-administered rats. The treatment exhibited marked decrease in activities of LDL.
5-Serum vLDL and CVR concentration were increased in cholesterol-administered rats. The treatment with alpha lipoic acid and ginger exhibited marked reduction in vLDL and CVR concentration.
6- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in heart catalase activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters.
7- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in heart glutathione peroxidase activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters.
8- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in heart GSH activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters.
9- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked increase in heart MDA activities, the alpha lipoic acid treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters, whereas, the treatment with ginger exerted no significant decrease in heart MDA.
10- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in heart SOD activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters.
11- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited no significant decrease in liver catalase activities, the tested treatments showed a marked increase of this parameter.
7- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in liver glutathione peroxidase activities, the tested treatments showed a no significant decrease of this parameter.
8- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in liver GSH activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of this parameter.
9- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked increase in liver MDA activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of this parameter.
10- The cholesterol-administered rats exhibited a marked decrease in liver SOD activities, the tested treatments showed a marked improvement of these parameters.