الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study 393 nasal and lung samples were collected from apparently healthy,
pneumonic and pneumoenteric buffalo calves and revealed that 69.7% were
bacteriologically positive. Atotal of 38 apparently healthy buffalo calves were
examined bacteriologicaly and revealed the isolation of (P.multocida (27.27%),
Ecoli (25%),Koxytoca (15.9%), Spyogenes (1/.36%) and E.faecium (9%). As
regards to 166 pneumonic buffalo calves were (P.multocida (19.23%), Spyogenes ’
(12%),K.pneumoniae (13.5%), P.aeruginosa (12%), A.pyogenes (10%),
Spneumoniae (5.7%), Ecoli (6.25%) and Siaureus (10%.)). On other hand 70
pneumoenteric buffalo calves (Ecoli (36. 14%}, P multocida(26. 5%), A.pyogenes
(12.1 %), AI haemolytica(7. 2%}, P mirabilis (6%), and K oxytoca (2.4%).The
serological typing of 54 isolates of E. coli (45 isolates could be identified
serologically and revealed the following serogroups: 026:B6 (16.66%), O1l1:B4
(22. 22%}, 055:B5 (24.1%) and 0126:B16 (20.37%). Out of 62 isolates of
P.multocida, 47 isolates proved to be typed 11 Roberts (75.8%), 9 isolates typed IV
(14.5%), and 6 were typed V Roberts (9.6%). Also virulence and pathogenicity of
P. multocida in mice was reported. Mycotic infection were recorded in 110 nasal
swabs from pneumonic buffalo calves including (A.flavus (18.5%), A.niger
(22.22%), A.terreus (14.8%), A.fumigates(1.85%), Fusarium spp. (5. 55%},
Cladosporium spp(1.85%), Mucor spp.G. 7), Penicillium spp.(1.85%),
Rhodotorula spp.(7.4%), Altemaria- alternate (3.7%). Cialbicans (18.5%).
According to antibiotic susceptibility test results, enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,
Amoxycillin, gentamicin, tobramycin were the most effective against bacteria
cause pneumonia. Detection of P.multocida by PCR was found to be significantly