الفهرس 
1. Introduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroduction & Aim of WorkIntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study, isolation of the most common UTI bacteria was aimed; their sensitivity to different antibiotics and some traditional herbs was also investigated.
A hundred patients were selected, 50 from Kafr ElDawar and 50 from Alexandria, according to clinical and symptoms examination. Gender represented 50% of each. Half of the patients were above 40 years old, and the other half were under 40 years old. Only 55 samples showed positive results 63.6% females and 36.4% males. Among them 66% were above 40 years old, and 44% were under 40 years old.
Uurinalysis and urine culture were used to identify bacterial isolates. Urinalysis was done by two methods the dipstick technique for investigating leucocytes and nitrites and microscopy where Phase contrast light microscope was used to test the samples for pyuria and bacterurea.
24% were positive for leukocytes, 13% were positive for nitrite, 14% were positive for both leukocyte and nitrite of the dipstick test, and15% were positive for pyuria, and 34% were positive for bacteriuria.
Samples of positive leucocytosis and bacteriuria were selected for cultured on MacConkey and Blood agar plates. Samples were characterized for single or multiple infections according to the morphological description of the plates. Developed colonies were coded and purified using the streaking plate method technique. 64 bacterial strains and 4 fungal strains were obtained from this process.
Bacterial strains were examined phenotypically for Gram reaction, cell shape and culture description. According to Gram reaction and cell
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shapes, isolates were grouped into 3 categories: Gram- positive cocci, Gram- negative cocco bacilli, and Gram- negative bacilli.
For each group the phenotypic, and biochemical characters were recorded then transformed into 0/1 codes to be analyzed using SYSTAT program. Cluster analysis was chosen to classify members within each group into clusters based on similarity matrix. from each cluster, a representative strain was selected for identification using VITEK® system.
Gram- positive cocci comprised nine strains. Their phenotypic, and biochemical characters, and Antibiotic sensitivity pattern were recorded, the numerical analysis of the Gram- positive cocci resulted in 2 major clusters. Strains 11 and 8a were chosen to represent these clusters, respectively, for identification. Strain 8a was sensitive to all tested antibiotics except IP and AK, while strain 11 was resistant to all the tested antibiotics. The VITEK® system identification of the representative strains was strain 8a belongs to Enterococcus faecalis, and strain 11 belongs to Staphylococcus aureus.
Gram- negative coccobacili comprised twenty-eight strains. Phenotypic, and biochemical characters, and Antibiotic sensitivity pattern were recorded, the numerical analysis of the Gram- negative coccobacili resulted in two main clusters. The whole group was homogenous and very similar in all phenotypic characters except in the sensitivity pattern to antibiotics. 50% of all strains were chosen for VITEK® system identification, and they were all found to belong to E. coli.
Gram- negative bacilli comprised of twenty-seven strains. Phenotypic, and biochemical characters, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern were recorded, the numerical analysis of the Gram- negative bacilli result in two main clusters, A and B. Cluster B was sub-divided into two sub-clusters C and D.
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Cluster Acomprised 4 strains. Strains 50b and 31a were chosen as representative to this cluster for identification and both found to belong to Morganella morganii.
Cluster C contained 8 strains, subdivided into 2 sub-clusters (c1 and c2). Four strains of sub-cluster c1 were chosen for identification and all found to belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the strain chosen from sub-cluster c2 was found to belong to Pseudomonas fluorescens. These results lead to the conclusion that all members of cluster C were classified among genus Pseudomonas.
Members of cluster D were also sub-clustered to d1 and d2. 50% of the members included of each sub-cluster were submitted for VITEK ® system for identification. Members of sub-cluster d1 were found to belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae while members of sub-cluster d2 were found to belong to Proteus mirabilis.
Four other strains were found in some female patient samples. Their colonies were large shiny and cells were large, compared to bacteria, with very clear nucleus. These strains were very similar to yeasts. These four strains were submitted to the VITEK® system for identification and found to belong to Candida albicans using a special library for yeasts.
In this study, results indicate that the most predominant uropathogen, in the study area, was Escherichia coli as it was obtained in 43.7% of the isolates followed by Klebsiella Pneumonia (14.1%). Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were represented in 9.4% of the isolates while Staphylococcus aureus was recorded in 7.8% of the samples. Enterococcus faecalis and Morganella morganii were represented in 6.2% of the isolates however; only 3.2% were recorded for Pseudomonas fluorescens.
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The effect of the traditional herbal oils on the locally isolated uropathogen was tested and the results showed that; Dill was the most effective oil that reduced 61% of E. coli isolates. It also affected 56% of the Gram- positive cocci, and interestingly, it affected only 33% of the Gram- negative bacilli. Generally, Dill affected 48% of all isolated uropathogens.
Results also indicated the effect of Parsley and Celery, their stronger effect on Gram- positive cocci (56%) for both oils. It was followed by Gram- negative bacilli (48% and 41%, respectively), their effects on E. coli was much less (29% and 21%, respectively). Parsley and Celery followed Dill in their general effect. They affected 41 and 34% of the local uropathogens, respectively.
Thyme showed effect only on Gram- negative bacilli and cocco bacilli (37% and 21%, respectively). It had no effect on Gram- positive cocci. Its effect generally on all isolates did not exceed 25%.
Chamomile was the weakest oil among the tested oils. It affected only the Gram- negative while had no effect on Gram- positive cocci. Generally, it affected only 5% of all isolated uropathogens.