الفهرس 
Defintion of DisasterOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Thus, from the trauma care perspective, a mass casualty incident is a “needle in a haystack” situation: a small group of severely injured patients who require immediate care is immersed within a much larger group of casualties who can tolerate delays and even some degree of suboptimal care. The ultimate goal of the disaster response is, therefore, to provide this small group of critically injured casualties with a level of care that approximates the care provided to similarly injured patients under normal circumstances. This goal has always been implicitly understood by trauma care providers and is certainly an expectation of the public, but it can only be achieved by diverting trauma assets and resources from the mildly injured to the critically wounded.
The agent (physical, chemical, nutritive, or infectious), and the environment (i.e., characteristics extrinsic to the individual that influence exposure or susceptibility to the agent), is epidemiologic framework which traditionally identifies these factors as related to the host (i.e., characteristics intrinsic to the person), It is the understanding of how these multiple factors interact to increase the risk of injury and poor outcome that exemplifies the epidemiologic approach to the study of disease and injury.
During the initial hospital phase, the injured patient is rapidly assessed and the treatments are prioritized based on the mechanism of injury and the patient’s vital signs. The goal of the resuscitation is to improve organ and tissue perfusion by rapidly identifying and simultaneously treating life-threatening conditions. In most cases, the initial resuscitation of the patient is conducted in the trauma resuscitation area .But there are selected patients who should bypassed to trauma resuscitation area and be taken directly to the operating room for lifesaving interventions. In either case, advance planning is needed so that all of the essential equipments and materials are immediately available.
Further advancement of a surgical disciplines uniquely dedicated to the care of the injured patient in the United States began in the 1960s with the establishment of civilian trauma centers within city-county hospitals such as Chicago, Dallas, and San Francisco and was rapidly spread by devotees of these charismatic leaders. During the ensuing two decades, trauma surgery became an attractive career based largely on the mentorship of trauma surgeons in urban city-county hospitals who epitomized the master technician, and who developed an academically productive career based on the physiology of the injured patient.