الفهرس 
ENERGY PROTEIN AND MICRONUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT AND IMPORTANCEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
No period of undernutrition in an individual’s life is as critical as the early
postnatal period, so, neonatal requirements of macronutrients as well as
micronutrients have to be adequately met. However, calorie protein malnutrition
is prevalent in neonates admitted to NICU. Energy protein debt is a significant
health care problem as it influences neonatal short and long-term outcomes.
Recommended caloric intake is 100-120 and 110-130 kcal/kg/d enterally
while 80-100 and 90-110 kcal/kg/d parenterally for term and preterm infants,
respectively. The adequate enteral protein intake has been estimated to begin at
2.2 g/kg/d for term and at about 3.3 g/kg/d for preterm neonates to about 4.2
g/kg/d. Parenteral protein requirements are 2.5-3 and 3-3.5 g/kg/d for term and
preterm infants, respectively.
This retrospective study which was conducted through examining the
case files, presents some of the short term negative impacts of energy and
protein deficits in NICU. The study consisted of 100 term and preterm infants
with birth weight ≥1kg, free from congenital anomalies and surgical problems,
and admitted by 24 hours of age and for more than 7 days to NICUs of obstetric
and gynecological, and pediatric departments of Ain Shams University Hospital
from 2007 to 2010.
Total nutritional intake was collected for the full 24-hour period daily for
the first 7 days of life then weekly on days 14, 21& 28 and converted to
carbohydrate, lipid or protein (in g/kg/d) and to kilocalories (in kcal/kg/d).
Then, calorie and protein deficits of total parenteral and 85% of enteral routes
were estimated by the end of the first, second, third and fourth postnatal week.
Recorded pathologies, medical intervention and laboratory data were analysed
statistically to detect their correlations with calorie and protein deficits.