الفهرس 
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Abstract
Using the NDV RRT-PCR M-gene assay followed by the two step RT-PCR to amplify the hyper variable region of the NDV F-gene coupled with direct sequencing, followed by bioinformatical analysis to the sequence product including; multiple-sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, pairwise alignment and RDP, enables us to diagnose both; the old NDV genotype VI which used to be circulating in Egypt since 1970s, and the new NDV genotype VIId, which is currently circulating in Egypt, causing very high mortalities in birds. It enables us also to differentiate between the NDV vaccine and field strains, beside detection of mutations that could have been occurred in the neutralizing epitope A4, and the possible recombination events.