الفهرس 
Anatomy of patellofemoral jointOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 100 |  |  |
| | | from | 100 | | |
Abstract
Total knee replacement provides substantial relief from pain and improves function , however, knee function especially kinematics rarely returns to normal , so this research would focus on understanding of kinematic alignment of TKA. The major goal during total knee replacement surgery is to achieve normal patellar tracking within the femoral groove. Abnormal tracking can lead to patellar subluxation , higher patellar reaction forces, smaller contact areas and excessive soft tissue tensions. These issues may result in postoperative complications such as anterior knee pain, component wear, component loosening and patellar fracture.
Patellar maltracking after TKA is related to component design orientation , position of implanted components, preoperative deformity, and the state of soft tissue tension around the patella. Reducing patellar maltracking could lead to an improved clinical outcome by reducing anterior knee pain, patellar fracture, component wear and component loosening. To improve patellar tracking, the surgeon should focus on patellar medialization (aiming for slight medialization), patellar resection angle (aiming for symmetry) and femoral component rotation (aiming for anatomic reconstruction, favouring external rotation). Many factors have been implicated as causes of patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Femoral component rotation has a major impact on the alignment and tracking of the patella. Implant alignment and rotation are important in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). If incorrect, they can lead to abnormal wear , premature loosening , and patellofemoral problems.
(CT) scanograms produce accurate and reproducible definition of the alignment and rotational profiles after TKA. It is the only currently available measure of all of the alignment characteristics required to assess the quality of a TKA. The treatment of choice for patellar instability is surgery. Despite rarely being effective, conservative methods should be applied prior to any surgery.
These include quadriceps exercises, bracing, and avoiding activities that aggravate instability. With time, scarring of the retinacular tissues may lead to resolution of symptoms. In those with chronic instability or frank dislocation, surgical intervention is necessary