الفهرس 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ultrasonography is widely used in medicine. It is possible
to perform both diagnosis and therapeutic procedures, using
ultrasound to guide interventional procedures. Sonography can
be enhanced with Doppler measurements to assess whether
structures (usually blood) are moving towards or away from the
probe, and its relative velocity.
Generally ultrasound scanning can be used on almost all
body parts starting from Echocardiography, Trasnscranial
doppler, chest and abdominal scanning, even in most soft
tissues and vascular structures.
Echocardiography is a sensitive tool used to detect the
presence of specific cardiovascular abnormalities, which may
be life threatening. Transthoracic echocardiography is simpler
and several descriptions of practical approaches in the ICU are
based on this technique. Transesophageal echocardiography
has gained more attention in the ICU, because of higher quality
images and lower failure rate of examinations performed.
In trauma ultrasound detects disorders requiring immediate
management: hemothorax, pneumothorax, and peritoneal fluid
collection as well as pericardial effusion, all of which can be
summarized under the FAST protocol. It has been also proved
to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysm and in evaluation of the peripheral vascular system.
Chest sonography can be used to detect pleural effusion
and pneumothorax. Thoracentesis performed under ultrasound
showed reduced rates of complications.