الفهرس 
Assessment , Resuscitation and Early managementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death among adults younger than 45 yr and in children .The majority of TBI is classified as mild, and around 8–10% is classified as moderate or severe. Patients with mild TBI have a good prognosis providing treatable complications are not missed . Overall mortality in this group is around 0.1 % and is associated with missed intra-cranial haemorrhage. . (Yates D,et al ,2007)
Traumatic brain injury has been divided into two distinct periods: primary and secondary brain injury. The primary injury is the result of the initial , mechanical forces, resulting in shearing and compression of neuronal , glial , and vascular tissue . Axonal tissue is more susceptible to the injury than vascular tissue . Thus , focal injuries are usually superimposed upon more diffuse neuronal injury. The consequences of the initial injury include physical disruption of cell membranes , infrastructure , and disturbance of ionic homeostasis secondary to increased membrane permeability. This in turn may lead to astrocytic and neuronal swelling, hypoperfusion, and a cascade of neurotoxic events because of increased intracellular calcium . The secondary injury is described as the consequence of further physiological insults , such as ischaemia , re-perfusion