الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study a total number of 591 diarrhoeic cow and buffalo-calves as well as
55 apparently normal cow and buffalo-calves were subjected to bacteriological
examination for isolation of Salmonella spp. The results revealed the isolation of
salmonella from 59 out of 646 feacal samples representing the percentage of 9.75%.
Salmonella typhimurium was the most predominant spp among the isolates (25), then
Salmonella anatum (14), Salmonella entritidis (8), Salmonella meleagridis (7),
Salmonella dulin (6) and Salmonella infantis (4).
Virulence tests were applied for detection of microorganism characteristics
including: motility test, invasion to Hela cells and heamagglutination pattern in RBCs
of different animal species. Finally Polymerase Chain Reaction was applied to
improve rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detection of such
organism in calves and the results were as follow:
Concerning motility test, the results revealed that all S. typhlmurium, S. dublin
and S. anatum associated with diarrhoea were motile. Other Salmonella serovars gave
variable results. Testes for invasion to Hela cells indicated that all Salmonella
serovars were positively invasive to Hela cells after 3 hrs incubation.
Heamagglutination pattern of Salmonella in RBCs of different animal species
indicated that the majority of salmonella strains that had HA activity were (MRHA)
type with bovine, sheep, G. pig, chicken and human RBCs.
Concerning the use of PCR assay the results showed that, PCR products of
Salmonella typhimurium include positive control, resulted in 243 bp amplified
fragments and no amplified DNA fragments obtained from non Salmonella spp. And
finally in this study the results revealed that application of PCR assay is important to
SUMMARY
09
develop a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic method for rapid detection of
Salmonella spp. in calves to help the complication arising from an outbreak of
salmonellosis in a herd as well as it need 24 hours for results obtaining whereas it
needs from 5-7 days to identify Salmonella spesies by culture methods.