الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work is aimed to study the histochemical and ultrastuctural changes that occurred in the renal cortex of adult male albino rats after administration of therapeutic doses of gentamicin and the effect of epoietin, vitamin E, or both on these changes at different periods of time and after stoppage of gentamicin.
In this study, 95 adult male albino rats (weighing about 150-200gm) were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: Group I (15 rats) were used as control animals and were divided into 3 subgroups (5 rats each). Group II (experimental group, 60 rats) were divided into 4 subgroups (15 rats each). Group III (recovery group): Animals of the 3rd group (20 rats) were divided into (4) subgroups (5 rats each).
At the time of sacrifice of the rats, the body weight of rats was assessed and the blood samples were taken from each group for assay of serum creatinine and hematocrit value. The kidneys were obtained and prepared for studying the renal cortex as the following: Paraffin sections were prepared and stained with haematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Frozen sections were prepared and treated histochemically for the study of succinic dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopic study.
After one week of therapeutic dose administration of gentamicin there was insignificant decrease in the body weight of the rats of subgroup IIa. Also there was insignificant increase in the serum creatinine as well as insignificant decrease in the hematocrit value in the treated group compared with the control rats. There were no obvious structural changes in the renal cortex in this subgroup either by light or electron microscopy, compared with the control group I rats. After two weeks of gentamicin administration, signs of nephrotoxicity were detected in subgroup IIa as a significant decrease in the body weight, significant increase in the serum creatinine, as well as a significant decrease in the hematocrit value compared with the control group I rats. There was a minimal toxic morphological change in the renal cortex detected by haematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections of treated subgroup IIa rats. The lesion was mainly in the proximal convoluted tubules while the renal corpuscles and DCT were nearly similar to those of the control group I rats. The cells lining the affected PCT showed vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. The lumen of affected tubule contained degenerated epithelial cells. There was a cellular infiltration in the cortical interstitial tissues. Using PAS reaction there was a negative reaction with partial loss of the brush border in some tubules of the renal cortex of rats of subgroup IIa. There was a decrease in the activity of SDH enzyme at the examination of a fresh frozen section of the renal cortex of rats of this group.
Conclusions: The function and the structure of the renal cortex were affected by gentamicin adminstration for more than one week. Also, it was proved that epoietin, vitamin E or both markedly reduced these changes. However combination of epoietin and vitamin E were more effective in the prevention of these changes.