الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Distalization is one of the strategies that are used to correct molar and canine relationship in-order to achieve good posterior occlusion.
Maxillary molar distalization is a good choice in case of skeletal Class I or mild Class II relationship.
In an attempt to over-come the disadvantages of the other distalizers the new Bi-directional distalizer was designed.
The study was performed on 12 patients that were selected from the out-patient clinic Faculty of Dentistry Minia University. All the patients had Class II molar relation and were in permanent dentition.
The patients were divided into two groups to determine if there was any difference if the distalizer was used as the first appliance or after levelling and alignment and stabilization of the arches on rectangular stainless steel stiff wire.
Clinical assessment and follow-up of the patients was done by regular monthly appointments to monitor the petients through-out the distalization process.
Radiographic assessment was done by superimposition of lateral cephalometric x-rays per and post distalization and this was even more precise by gaining the measurements from metal wires that were fixed to acrylic caps precisely fitting to the occlusal surfaces of molars that were distalized to ensure the proper seating of acrylic caps.
Summary and conclusions
• The molars movement was a combination of distal movement with a minor tipping which can be considered a distal bodily movement since there was no significant correlation between the distance of distalization and the change in angulations of the molars with the reference planes.
• An intrusive component was found in combination with the distal movement. This is favourable as one of the drawbacks of the distal movement of molars is the bite opening resulting from distal tipping of the molars. This is not the issue with the bi-directional distalizer as an intrusive component is found to counter act this draw back.
• No correlation was found between the distance of ditalization and the amount of incisor tipping.
• No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the anchorage loss which indicate that the distalizer can be used without the need of previous levelling, alignment and arch stabilization.
• The bi-directional distalizer provided an efficient way of molar distalization that doesn’t require further molar uprigtning.