الفهرس 
Anatomical ConsiderationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Perioperative fluid therapy is mandatory to meet the basal fluid requirement, replace the losses, restore or maintain hemodynamic stability and enhance macro- and microvascular blood flow , but we should keep in mind that pediatric patients differ from adult patients in some physiological and anatomical properties such as highly heart rate dependence, lower blood pressure, non compliant left ventricle and difficult venous and arterial cannulations.
There are large number of intravenous fluid preparations including crystalloids, colloids and blood preparations. The crystalloids solutions are generally the first line of therapy in replacing volume deficit while colloids solutions are more effective to maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure and to prove more prolonged period of homeostasis after the initial resuscitation. It is necessarily to transfer blood when 10% of blood volume are lost.
In elective pediatric surgeries fluid therapy based on deficit therapy, maintenance fluid requirement and replacement therapy. In addition emergent pediatric surgeries based on rapid resuscitation by ABC protocol and rapid restore of plasma volume. The aim is to maintain adequate organ perfusion and decrease mortality rate.