الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major problems facing people of both
sexes male and female.
- Early detection of osteoporosis can be achieved by one of several
modalities including for example,
1. Bone mineral density assessment by DEXA.
2. Ultrasonometry (calcaneal ultrasound) .
3. Biochemical markers of bone turnover.
In this study we try to compare between different methods for
diagnosis of osteoporosis in menopausal women to reach the effective,
cheapest, simplest and least side effects of these methods for early
detection and diagnosis of osteoporosis as will as follow up of the
treatment of osteoporosis.
- The study was conducted in woman health center in Nasser
Institute Hospital in Cairo.
- The study includes seventy (70) cases of women in their
menopausal period.
- A cross sectional study was done in the form of:
• History taking and examination .
• Bone mineral density assessment by DEXA
• Ultrasonometry (calcaneal ultrasound).
• Blood sample for assessment of bone specific alkaline
phosphatase (BALP).
After assessment of the results of the studied group, it was noted that:
- The age group was between 45-52ys which the age around
menopause.
- The body mass index was between 26-47 kg/m2 with mean 35.2 +
5.18 kg/m2 (in 69 women) which means that almost all the studied
group were obese and only one case BMI 24.3 kg/m2 which was
normal
- As regarding the mean age of menarche 12.6 + 1.3 ys
- As regarding the mean age of menopause 47.8 +1.5 ys
- As regarding the TAH e BSO was seven cases
- Women receiving chemotherapy was 4 cases
- Women receiving corticosteroids was 4 cases .
- The number of cases diagnosed as osteoportic as refered by DEXA
was 10 cases (14.3 %) and osteopenic 25 cases (35.7%) and normal
35 women (50%).
- As referred to ultrasonometry in diagnosis of the cases of
osteoporosis was 6 cases , osteopenia was 23 case and 41 case was
normal this results means there is no significant difference between
DEXA and ultrasound in diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia .
- The validity of ultrasonometry in relation to DEXA in diagnosis of
normal cases was valid where the sensitivity was 100%, specificity
83% and accuracy 91% this results according to our study.
- The validity of U/S in diagnosis of osteopenia was good where the
sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were high.
- The U/S is less sensitive but specific in diagnosis of osteoporosis
cases where the sensitivity (60%), specificity (100%) and accuracy
(94%). The positive predictive value (PPV 100%) and negative.