الفهرس 
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 161 |  |  |
| | | from | 161 | | |
Abstract
The Treatment of industrial effluent from heavy metals is a major environmental problem for many manufacturing operations. Copper is among the most prevalent and valuable metal used by industry. It is present in the wastewaters, as a heavy metal, of many industries
This thesis is dedicated to studying the effect of addition of electromagnetic field on the rate of cementation for the removal of copper, as a toxic metal, from wastewater stream.
The influence of different variables was investigated to determine their effect on copper cementation rate and determine the optimum conditions for the removal of copper by cementation process.
In the first part, the rate of copper cementation from copper sulfate solutions on rotating iron cylinder subjected to a magnetic field was studied to demonstrate the effect of electromagnetic field on the rate of cementation. Variables studied were cylinder rotation speed, magnetic field strength and physical properties of the solution. The results showed that without EMF, the rate of mass transfer was correlated by the equation: Sh= 1.18 ?Re?^(0.94) ?Sc?^(0.33) The application of EMF was found to increase the rate of cementation. The rate of mass transfer was correlated by the equation:Sh= 2.29 ?Re?^(0.95) ?Sc?^(0.33), with applying EMF. The enhancement of copper recovery in presence of EMF is due to the induced motion of Fe+n in the solution which is limited in the range of cylinder rotation speed of 300~900 rpm. Power consumption of EMF was calculated. It was evident that 49% reduction of power consumption due to utilization of magnetic field.
In the second part of the work, we use of air stirring; air bubbling from the bottom of the cylinder was used and the iron cylinder was stationary, the system was subjected to an electromagnetic field. Variables studied were air flow rate, and magnetic field strength. The results showed that without EMF, the percentage copper removal increases as the air flow rate increased. The application of EMF was found to have little effect on the rate of copper removal especially at high air flow rates. This was attributed to the interference of air bubbles with the electromagnetic field which hinders its effect. Therefore it was not economical to use electromagnetic field with air stirring.