الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
Optimal transition buffaloe health is the key to success in the subsequent
lactation, and increasing attention has been focused on management and
nutritional practices that support it. Physiological changes during the transition
Hanan Kamal PHD thesis
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period alters the efficiency of the immune system, making the animal more
susceptible to infectious diseases with subsequent impairment of reproductive
performance.
Pregnancy and early lactation are stressful stages accompanied with increased
metabolic activities and energy demand these stages are also accompanied by
high energy and oxygen demand which may lead to an increase in the level of
oxidative stress and development of metabolic and reproductive disorders in
pregnant water buffaloes.
The appropriate inclusion of vitamin E and Selenium for buffaloes is important
for optimizing the health of lactating and periparturient buffaloes. Less research
work has been done to explore the role of oxidative stress and effects of
antioxidant supplementation during the transition period in water buffaloes. The
present research, therefore, aimed to investigate the oxidative stress indices in
blood and milk and some metabolic indicators during periparturient period and
effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation on them.
The present study was carried out on 22 healthy, lactating, primi or pleuriparous
buffaloes, with average age of 2-10 years old from farm related to the Faculty
of agriculture, Quena governorate. The selected pregnant buffaloes were
divided into 2 experimental groups Group I animals served as negative control
and did not receive any treatment during periparturient period and Group II
(Treated group), buffaloes were received intramuscular injection of Viteselline
(40 mL) containing 150 mg K-tocopherol acetate (Vit E) and 1.67 mg of sodium
selenite per mL weekly starting from 8 weeks before parturition and lasted until
4 wk after calving.
Hanan Kamal PHD thesis
These buffaloes in both group were sampled with 2 weeks interval starting 8
weeks before parturition and after parturition weekly sampling was done till 4
weeks postpartum
Heparinized blood samples, serum and hemolysate were collected from all
buffaloes in all groups, stored at -20° C till the time of biochemical
analysis; also milk samples were collected starting from parturition day
and simultaneously with blood sampling from all buffaloes in all groups.
The biochemical parameters included the following measurements:-
1- Blood serum calcium mg %
2- Blood serum phosphorus mg %
3- Blood serum magnesium mg %
4- Blood serum glucose mg %
5- Blood serum total lipids mg %
6- Blood plasma for measuring vitamin E (jg/ml), catalase (U/L),
malondialdehyde (nmol/ml) and nitric oxide (jmol/L).
7- Erythrocyte hemolysate for measuring hemoglobin, SOD (U/mg Hb), and
GSH-px (mU/mL).
8- Milk fat %, protein %, MDA (nmol/ml) and vitamin E (jg/ml)..
The obtained results revealed the following facts:
• Regarding clinical examination there were no abnormal clinical signs
noticed on buffaloes in all groups during the experimental period.
• Gradual decrease in the levels of blood serum calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, glucose and total lipids towards parturition then gradual
increase within the normal ranges after parturition.