الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most frequent types of malignancies and cause of cancer death among both men and women in united states and else where around the world(1). The still high mortality rate for lung cancer urgently requires the availability of new non invasive diagnostic tools for use in early detection and diagnosis(2).
Fiber-optic bronchoscopy has been used for long time in initial assessments of lung cancer .Bronchoscopy in conjunction with broncho-alveolar lavage(BAL) was used to locate cancer that develops in the central areas and major airways of the lung(3).
The procedure involves inserting a bronchoscope into the lower respiratory tract, injecting saline into the lung, and immediately suctioning the fluid back through the hollow tube of the bronchoscope. Suctioned fluids are then analyzed in the laboratory for malignant cells( 4) .Bronchoscopy is safe and very effective, however the invasiveness of the technique may limit its use in elderly patients and in follow up cases.
In the past few years there has been an increased interest in non invasive procedures for retrieval of cells and soluble materials from the lung.
Induced sputum analysis is a particularly promising approach because it provides specific information about both cellular and molecular aspects of airway inflammation(5).
The technique involves inhalation of a hypertonic saline aerosol
generated by a jet nebuliser through a mouthpiece and instructing the patients to expectorate sputum, this is then analyzed in the laboratory(6).
Induced sputum analysis is simple, cost effective and more acceptable by the patients, since it is relatively non invasive(7).
Sputum cytology is able to diagnose the main types of bronchial and pulmonary tumours with a good sensitivity. The overall sensitivity of detection is excellent reaching up to 90%. The false - positive rate is less than 0.5 percent for experienced cytopathologist. Sputum cytology can also identify very early
Lung cancer with no recognizable abnormalities in the lung on radiologic and bronchoscopic examinations (8).
Thus sputum induction can play a role in the diagnosis of lung cancer when bronchoscopy is contra-indicated or unavailable, on the other hand bronchoscopy because of its cost and invasive character, can be used after attempts to obtain induced sputum specimens have failed or have reported negative results. (9).
Lung cancer remains one of the most frequent types of malignancies and cause of cancer death among both men and women in united states and else where around the world(1). The still high mortality rate for lung cancer urgently requires the availability of new non invasive diagnostic tools for use in early detection and diagnosis(2).
Fiber-optic bronchoscopy has been used for long time in initial assessments of lung cancer .Bronchoscopy in conjunction with broncho-alveolar lavage(BAL) was used to locate cancer that develops in the central areas and major airways of the lung(3).
The procedure involves inserting a bronchoscope into the lower respiratory tract, injecting saline into the lung, and immediately suctioning the fluid back through the hollow tube of the bronchoscope. Suctioned fluids are then analyzed in the laboratory for malignant cells( 4) .Bronchoscopy is safe and very effective, however the invasiveness of the technique may limit its use in elderly patients and in follow up cases.
In the past few years there has been an increased interest in non invasive procedures for retrieval of cells and soluble materials from the lung.
Induced sputum analysis is a particularly promising approach because it provides specific information about both cellular and molecular aspects of airway inflammation(5).
The technique involves inhalation of a hypertonic saline aerosol
generated by a jet nebuliser through a mouthpiece and instructing the patients to expectorate sputum, this is then analyzed in the laboratory(6).
Induced sputum analysis is simple, cost effective and more acceptable by the patients, since it is relatively non invasive(7).
Sputum cytology is able to diagnose the main types of bronchial and pulmonary tumours with a good sensitivity. The overall sensitivity of detection is excellent reaching up to 90%. The false - positive rate is less than 0.5 percent for experienced cytopathologist. Sputum cytology can also identify very early
Lung cancer with no recognizable abnormalities in the lung on radiologic and bronchoscopic examinations (8).
Thus sputum induction can play a role in the diagnosis of lung cancer when bronchoscopy is contra-indicated or unavailable, on the other hand bronchoscopy because of its cost and invasive character, can be used after attempts to obtain induced sputum specimens have failed or have reported negative results. (9).