الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 166 |  |  |
| | | from | 166 | | |
Abstract
The present study was carried out in El Minufiya Governorate.Subjects included 500 preschool children with age between 2 and 5 years.
Each child was subjected to full history taking laying stress on: Name,
age, sex, order of birth, consanguinity and residence. Father education
and occupation, mother education and occupation and family income.
History of medical diseases including GIT troubles, parasitic infestation,
and food allergy.
Anthropometric measurements were carried out as follows; weight
for age, height for age, occipitofrontal circumference, mid arm
circumference, skin fold thickness.
Assessment of psychological disorder using Conner’s Parent Rating
Scale-Revised-long form ”CPRS-R-L”. (Conners, 1997)
This scale consists of 80 item questionnaire with an average
administration time 25-30 minutes. It scores the parent’s report of
their child’s behavior during the past month.
The present study showed that most of studied children were
males. Most children have social class below average. Most of fathers
and mothers had preparatory school education. Most of fathers were
workers and majority of mothers were housewives.
The present study showed that most of studied children were
absolutely breast fed during the first 6 months, then mixed feeding .Most
children had delayed weaning after the age of 6 months.
The present study revealed that about half of mothers of studied
children considered feeding of their children were small
-١١٢-
Summary
The present study revealed that constipation was the most frequent
GI trouble followed by vomiting, chocking, diarrhea, and then gagging.
The present study revealed that parasitic infestation was present in
about half of the studied children specially Entropiasis then entameoba
histolytica, giardia lamblia, hymenolepis nana and Ancylostoma. The less
common was ascaris.
Food allergy was reported by 21% of mothers of the studied
children. The most frequent allergen accused was allergen was
strawberry, fish, milk, mango, banana, egg and the least common allergen
was chocolate.
The present study revealed that the most frequent source of dietary
animal protein was milk, eggs, Meat, and the least type of animal protein
ingested was fish.
The present study revealed that fruits and vegetables were
regularly ingested by (27%) and frequently in (42.2%) of the studied
children.
The present study revealed that feeding problems were present among
most of studied children with female sex predominance compared to
male. The most common problems present among the studied children
were eating junk food, playing with food, little food, picky eating and
leaves tables. Less common feeding problems were rapid eating, refusing
to swallow, slow eating, not chewing, crying during feeding, pushing
food away and DROPping food. Then the least common feeding problems
were messy eating, spitting out, turning away, not opening mouth ,
taking food from others, much food intake then ruminate.
The present study revealed that most common techniques used by
mothers to help children to eat were to ignore, to praise, to offer reward,
to threaten, less common techniques are to coax, to change meal
schedule, to force food, to mini meal, to change food offered, to spank, to
-١١٣-
Summary
use TV, and the least common techniques are to limit food, to distract
with toys then send to room.
The present study revealed that most of studied children had
normal body mass index (between 5th-95th).
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children whose mother’s concern about their
feeding is small.
The present study revealed significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children with constipation as compared with
that without constipation.
The present study revealed significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children who had parasitic infestation.
The present study revealed a significantly lower frequency of
feeding problems among children who received absolute breast feeding in
the first 6 months when compared to who received mixed feeding and
artificial feeding.
The present study revealed significantly lower frequency of
feeding problems among children with appropriate age of weaning (4 - 6
mo.) when compared to early weaning (<4mo.), and delayed weaning
(>6mo.).
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children with below average social class when
compared to average and above average.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children whose mothers, and fathers were
illiterate.
-١١٤-
Summary
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children whose fathers were workers and less
common among children whose fathers were professional.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems in children with big family size.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems with these techniques used by mothers to help her child
to eat as limit food, mini meal , spank, threat , coax, force food, ignore,
use TV, reward, praise then use toys.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children with body mass index <5th percentile
when compared to children with body mass index between (5-95th) and
children >95th.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of
feeding problems among children with mid arm circumference <12.5
when compared to children with mid arm circumference between (12.5-
13.5) and children with mid arm circumference > 13.5.
The present study revealed that underweight (weight below the 5th centile
for age) was present in (15.6%) of studied children, stunting (height
below the 5th centile for age) was present in (16.8%) of studied children,
and wasting (weight below the 5th centile of weight for height) was
present in (15.4%) of studied children .Both wasting and stunting were
present in (2.2 %) of studied children.
The present study revealed a significantly higher frequency of feeding
problems among children with oppositional disorder, hyperactivity,
psychosomatic disorders, social problems, anxious shy and with
Emotional labile disorders.