الفهرس 
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disorder precipitated in genetically susceptible individuals by environmental factors, characterized by β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. The incidence of T1DM is rapidly increasing in specific regions and shows a trend towards earlier age of onset. T1DM may lead to severe long-term health consequences, such as renal failure, blindness, as well as heart and cerebrovascular disease.
Recent evidence has reported that vitamin D deficiency predisposes individuals to T1DM and T2DM. Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a global public health problem although it is largely unrecognized. It has been estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.
This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes children and to define factors which may possibly influence Vitamin D levels.
To achieve this goal, fifty children and adolescents with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes were prospectively recruited for this study from patients attending the diabetes clinic at the Alexandria University Children’s Hospital. Forty healthy children served as control. All children were evaluated clinically; ALT, serum urea, ionized calcium, phosphorus, ALP, PTH and 25-OH Vitamin D were measured. HbA1c was measured in cases only.
Statistical analysis of data obtained from the present study showed the following results:
• There was a significant difference between cases and controls as regards history of delayed gross motor development (p =0.02) that might point to suspected vitamin D deficiency during infancy.
• A larger number of diabetic children had high alkaline phosphatase levels compared to controls with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p=0.05).
• Diabetic cases had significantly lower levels of 25-OH Vitamin D than control group (p<0.0001).
• A significantly higher percentage of Vitamin D insufficient diabetic cases had DKA and/or polyuria at presentation (p=0.05).