الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Orbital CavityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Orbital floor fracture is one of the more common injuries seen in facial trauma. Eighteen percent of all facial fractures involve the orbit and 90% of those involve the orbital floor.
Combination of approaches from the orbit and maxillary sinus seems to be a solution that facilitates more accurate treatment of this type of fracture.
The excellent visualization of the fractured orbital floor provided by the endoscope may enable better manipulation than that afforded by the naked eyes .The fracture location is one of the important factors that determine the persistence of diplopia.
Transorbital surgical approaches provide relatively quick and simple access to the orbital rim and floor. The pyramidal shape of the orbit essentially makes the posterior region of the orbit narrower. Therefore, otolaryngologists have difficulty in identifying and then dissecting the fracture area in the posterior region of the orbit. Also, in situations in which good surgical vision cannot be obtained, an excessive dissection might cause optic nerve damage. Furthermore, the posterior orbital tissue or muscle might be damaged by the graft material when it is implanted into the orbital floor without complete dissection.
However, the disadvantages of these approaches include inadequate posterior floor visualization in cases of large floor fractures (>50%of orbital floor), and complications such as ectropion, entropion, lacrimal injury, corneal abrasion, granuloma formation, seroma formation and in the case of the subciliary approach, a visible scar.