الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 126 |  |  |
| | | from | 126 | | |
Abstract
Hypotensive anesthesia represents a great challenge for the anesthetists. Although, there is great benefit from inducing hypotensive anesthesia there is a great risk of major morbidity and mortality.
The main ’target of hypotensive anesthesia is better visualization of the operative field as in microsurgeries (i.e. middle ear surgeries) and decrease blood loss as; in major surgeries (i.e. Radical Cystectomy).
Because of the major complications of hypotensive anesthesia as death, cerebrovascular strokes, myocardial infarction, renal and liver cell failure; the concern of the anesthetist should not be directed only toward the drug used but also the selection of patients and exclusion of the patients whom are more liable for complications.
Finally the decision of hypotensive anesthesia should not be taken in the operating room without careful consideration of potential complications.
The effect of hypotension on various organs depends on the drugs used, the magnitude and the length of hypotension.
In the past, complications of hypotensive anesthesia represents a great obstacle” to the anesthetists but nowadays due to proper monitoring which includes invasive arterial blood pressure, Capnography, pulse oximeter and electrocardiography, the anesthetist can reach the safest level of hypotensive anesthesia.
There are different techniques for inducing hypotensive anesthesia, physiological techniques as positioning and, ventilation, pharmacological techniques as intravenous drugs and volatile anesthetics, regional anesthesia which play an important rule in reducing arterial blood pressure.
These techniques are classified into:
a) Pharmacological techniques.
b) Non pharmacological techniques:
1- Position. 2- Tourniquet.
A) Pharmacological techniques:
1- Drug reduces peripheral resistance as α receptor blocker.
2- Drug reduces cardiac output as β receptor blocker.
3- Drug reduces peripheral resistance and cardiac output as Magnesium sulphate.
Magnesium sulphate is physiological antidote of calcium, it also block pain receptors.
Uses of Magnesium sulphate:
• Control of cardiac arrhythmia.
• Control of blood pressure.
• Decrease response of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma.
Postoperative; care is one of the most important concerns of hypotensive anaesthesia which decrease the incidence of morbidity and mortality.