الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A total of 1200 slaughtered animals camels, 360 cattle and 360 buffaloes carcasses) of different ages and sex were examined at Kalyobia abattoirs from January to December, 2011. Regular weekly visits were applied to abattoirs allover this year. Gross inspection was performed on each slaughtered animal including the whole carcass and its internal organs for detection of the parasitic infestations. The obtained results indicated that the Occurrence of Fasciola species in the slaughtered cattle (3.61%) was lower than that in slaughtered buffaloes (5.56%). Generally, females (6.67% & 11.67%) were more susceptible to infection with fasciolosis than males (2.08% & 2.5%) among slaughtered cattle and buffalo, respectively. However, The Histopathological examination of the liver infected with fasciola was done. Regarding PCR technique, the using of Eael restriction endonuclease enzyme as a genetic marker for F.hepatica is greatly effective when the enzyme uniquely fragmented the SrRNA gene into two bands without digesting the gene of F.gigantica.
The infection rate of Hydatid cysts were 29.17 in lung and 3.3% in liver of the examined camel carcasses. Dealing with seasonal variation of Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels, the occurrence in spring (19.17%) and summer (17.5%) was higher than other seasons. Also, the occurrence of hydatidosis in males (35.83%) was higher than females (22.5%) and histopathological examination was done.
Concerning the application of PCR, three samples (60%) of Hydatid cysts were related to E.granulosus G6 and the other two samples were negative. In other words, the examined hydatid cysts showed 60% homology with genotype G6 (camel strain).
The infection rates with C.bovis in cattle females (3.75%) were higher than males (3.75%) and the most predilection sites of C.bovis were heart (5.83%) and masseter muscles (1.67%). the highest seasons of C. bovis was spring (6.67%) and summer (5.00%), while being lowest in winter & autumn was (1.67%) and histopathological examination was done.
Concerning the Occurrence of sarcocystic cysts in different tissues, esophagus is the most organs infected with sarcocystic cysts. Moreover, the highest occurrence of sarcocystic cysts was recorded in spring 56.67% followed by summer 51.11% and the lowest occurrence was detected in autumn 43.33% and winter 38.9%. The Histopathological examination of the esophagus due to Sarcocystic cysts revealed that the mature parasites as well as the microscopic parasitic cysts were observed in heavy manner in the musculature without any inflammatory reaction.
Out of 200 stool samples collected from human of different age and sex at Kalyobia governorate, 4%were positive for Fasciola eggs. Thus, children between one and fifteen years old represent the highest infection (5.88%) than individuals between sixteen and thirty (4%).On the other hand, the lowest infection was in individuals between thirty one and forty five (1.75%). However, all the examined stool specimens from human were free from Taenia saginata and intestinal Sarcocystis.
Finally, the public health significance of the detected parasites in examined slaughtered animals and possible sources of their transmission to man as well as the recent techniques for detection of these parasites were discussed.