الفهرس 
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Abstract
The relationship between Greeks and Egyptians started probably from the archaic period. There are many archaeological evidences that indicate clearly this relation during the Old Kingdom (2700-2200 B.C): the cartouche of Pepi II has been found in Greece as well as some Egyptian statutes. During the Middle Kingdom (2160-1785), the trade dominated the relationship: Egypt imported the vases of pottery of Crete and the exported corn to them. Before the New Kingdom Egypt was known for the Hellenic writers and poets such as Homer; he mention it in his Odyssey IV, 81-85, 219-232, 351-479, 581-582; XIV, 244-246; Iliad, IX, 381-384. The scenes of the New Kingdom prove the continuity of such kind of relationship.
During the 23rd (818-715) dynasty, the Greeks started to appear in Egypt as mercenaries; then they were became a major part during the reign of the kings of 26th dynasty (627-525 B.C) as King Pasmatic I (664-610 B.C) has hired many Ionian mercenaries and installed them in Delta. As their importance has risen in the Egyptian army, king Ahmos II rewarded them by founding the first polis, Naucratis, in the Delta of Egypt and many mercenaries choose to reside in Memphis. Also during that Period, V century B.C, many Greek philosophers and writers have come to Egypt such as Hecate and Herodotus who reserved his second book to describe his Journey to Egypt.
The Great number the Greeks, especially the community of Memphis, facilitate the acceptance of the Egyptians to Alexander the Great, who arrived in 332 to Egypt, and later the first Ptolemaic king, who become the king of Egypt in 305 B.C. the King Ptolemy I started a new dynasty in Egypt (323- 30 B.C) which continued to be so strong during the first four kings. They made great achievements in different fields of life, literature, art, economy and military activity. By the death of the fourth king, it began to enter the weakness period. The fall of the Ptolemy kingdom in Egypt started to face its end after the Ptolemy IV, then the king Ptolemy V who died and leaved the kingdom in the hands of child kings under the regency of the bad courtiers. The struggle between the two brothers was a main feature of the second half which was marked by fights, disturbance, revolutions, etc….