الفهرس 
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Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis has become an indispensable tool for the Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic surgeons for the reconstruction of facial bone and treatment of craniofacial anomalies.
The objective of this review was to collect, organize and analyze the academic researches concerned with craniofacial DO done in the Egyptian Universities in one study in order to facilitate further future researching.
In this review, 44 studies were collected from different Universities, divided into clinical and experimental groups and further subgrouped according to the region of distraction in the clinical studies, and according to the region of distraction and animal model in the experimental studies.
With respect to clinical DO, there were 329 patients had been treated through different clinical applications in 25 studies distributed over the Egyptian Universities.
With respect to distraction protocol; one millimeter rate of distraction is the standard rate in most of distraction areas with a slower rate in maxillary widening and horizontal alveolar DO. Latency period was most commonly from 5-7 days. Activation rhythm was mostly twice per day activations. Consolidation period was from 8 to12 weeks for most of the DO areas and extended for longer period in maxillary advancement in patients with cleft lip and palate.
Regarding the complication faced during clinical craniomaxillofacial DO, mostly were minor complications and only few percentage of the complications need surgical intervention.
In the field of experimental craniofacial DO, there were 21 theses collected from different universities. Experimental DO was applied on three sites; mandible, alveolus and cranium. With a total number of 620 animals distributed over four animal models that were dog, goat, rabbit and rat. Rabbit and rat because of their small size and ease of handling represent the majority of the animals used in the studies. However, the dog animal model was the most frequently used in different studies.
Regarding aim of the studies, it was developed by time in relation to the international literature from simple aims as the histology of the regenerated bone to the effect on the surrounding structures to more sophisticated aims as testing other material on the regenerated bone.
With respect to the distraction protocol, there were no major differences from that published in the international literatures and it was one millimeter distraction rate in most of the studies, once per day activation rhythm was applied in the majority of the studies, latency period was 5-7 days for larger animals as dog and goat and 3-4 days for smaller animals as rabbit and rat. Consolidation periods were ranged from zero to 24 weeks and determined in each study according to the aim and evaluation methods.