الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Honey bee defensive behavior is a complex trait that involves workers individual behavior and a coordinated colony response. Defense behavior is one of the traits that are considered in programs breeding over the world.
Understanding the underlying cause of aggression in honeybees is very important to beekeepers for proper dealing with bees.
As with human societies, bees have “soldiers” that die in defense of the colony. The honey bee colony is genetically diverse because the queen mates with about 12–17 haploid males (drones). A drone transmits an identical genome to each of his daughters, resulting in genetically divergent patrilines that often differ in their tendency to perform particular tasks.
Honey bees use an early-warning system in which some individuals detect threats and recruit nestmates to defend the nest. Workers engage in within-nest tasks when young and spend the end of their lives foraging for pollen or nectar outside the nest.
Bees that respond to a disturbance by stinging or flying out of the hive are similar in age to foragers. Older workers produce more venom and alarm pheromones. Specific gene effects have not been identified as of yet, but progress towards identifying causal genes.