الفهرس 
ANATOMY OFOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
U
pper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a significant and potentially life threatenging world-wide problem.
It ferers to hemorrhage from upper gastro-intestinal tract including oesophagus, stromach, and the duodenum.
A cause is found in 80% of cases with the predominance of peptic ulcer disease especially in Western countries and the predominance of oesophageal varices especially in Egypt due to prevalence of portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis and schistosomiasis as endemic disease, in addition to some other rare causes such as Mallory Weiss syndrome Dieulafoy lesions and angiodysplasia.
The main aim for management of UGIB is to take accurate history and careful examination to assess blood loss and look for signs of shock. A secondary aim is to look for signs of underlying disease and significant co-morbid conditions.
The gold standard in diagnosis is through upper GI endoscopy and different treatment modalities to stop bleeding including injection sclerotherapy, band ligation, argon plasma photocoagulation and narrow band imaging.
UGIB can be life threatening seeking immediate care for resuscitation, and medical and endoscopic therapy significantly improve patients outcome.