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Abstract In these days, spread eating habits in our Arab society, especially among groups of children, students, schools and universities and more prevalent these habits and eating snacks and crackers. Snack is any food taken out with a regular mealtime (namely breakfast, lunch and dinner) or snack item taken in place of such meal. Snacking is commonly regarded by the general public as predisposing to overweight and obesity, believing that it is more beneficial to adhere to an eating pattern of three meals a day and based on different parameters of measurement. However, no one definition has been universally accepted in the scientific literature due to the problems inherent in individual perception of what constitutes a ’snack’ as opposed to a ’meal’. Crackers are thin, crisp wafers or biscuits, usually made of unsweetened and unleavened dough. Crackers are served as a snack, appetizer or light meal accompaniment. They are eaten before, during, after and between meals, and are a quick addition to dinner parties, picnics, lunch bags and snacks. Crackers can be good substitutes for sweeter snacks. So the main target of the present investigation is to study the impact of eating snacks and crackers on the public health using albino rats of male to know deterring. This study was conducted using 2 types of snacks and one cracker with cheese flavor, are available in the Egyptian market. All samples were purchased within about one month, transported to the laboratory. Ground and homogenized before they were dried to ensure equal ENGLISH SUMMARY 144 moisture content. In this experiment, fifty male albino rats was used weighting 100+5g and age 3 months. The rat divided into 10 groups each group contained 5 rats according to the following scheme. Group (1): This group fed on standard diet only as a negative control. Group (2): This group fed on standard diet containing 10% of triangular snacks powder. Group (3): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% triangular Snacks powder. Group (4): This group fed on standard diet containing 40% triangular Snacks powder. Group (5): This group fed on standard diet containing 10% longitudinal Snacks powder. Group (6): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% longitudinal Snacks powder. Group (7): This group fed on standard diet containing. 40% longitudinal Snacks powder. Group (8): This group fed on standard diet containing. 10% annular Snacks powder. Group (9): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% annular Snacks powder. Group (10): This group fed on standard diet containing 40% annular Snacks powder. ENGLISH SUMMARY 145 During the experimental period 28 days, the consumed diet was recorded everyday food intake, and body weight was recorded every three day. Biological evaluation of the different diets was carried out by determination percentage of body weight gain B.W.G. %, food intake FI and feed efficiency ratio F.E.R. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for using to determine the following parameters: Complete Blood Count C.B.C. (hemoglobin, red blood cells, blood platelets and white blood cells), liver enzymes ALT and AST, kidney functions (urea and u. acid), serum lipid profiles (Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-c, VLDL-c and LDL-c,), serum glucose level, each rat was rapidly opened, the liver, kidneys and spleen were removed, cleaned in saline solution and dried to weighed and kept in formalin solution 10% and dried then weighed and kept in formalin solution for histopathological examination. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on liver function: The data proved that higher value of AST and ALT was at group 40% snacks when compared with control. while the lowest was at group 10% snacks. Also, we can noticed that the triangular snacks had the highest effect on liver enzymes followed by annular snacks and longitudinal snacks. ENGLISH SUMMARY 146 Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Urea, Uric acid and Creatinine of rats: from the results we can noticed that the highest effect on uric acid and urea was by triangular snacks followed by annular snacks and longitudinal snacks on 40%. results also, showed the same effect on creatinine. Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and Triglycerides of Rats: Serum Cholesterol: We can noticed that the higher value was at 40% triangular Snacks when compared with control group and other groups. Serum HDL: Data showed that the mean value was higher at 10% triangular Snacks. Also, The higher value was at 10% longitudinal Snacks and in annular Snacks the higher value was at 10% when compared all with control group. Serum LDL: The higher value of LDL was at 40% Snacks especially in triangular snacks when compared with control group and other groups. while the lowest value was in 10% annular snacks followed by longitudinal snacks and triangular snacks. ENGLISH SUMMARY 147 Serum VLDL: The data proved that the higher value was at 40% triangular snacks when compared with control group. Also, the higher value was at 40% longitudinal snacks when compared with control group and in annular snacks the higher value was at 40% when compared with control group. Serum triglycerides: The triglycerides of rats group fed on 10% was not significantly changed. On the other hand, there was significant increased in the rats group fed on 40% when compared wit control group. Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Glucose of Rats: It could be noticed that the longitudinal snacks had the highest effect on serum glucose while the annular snacks had the lowest effect when compared with control group. Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers Serum FER of Rats: Serum FER: We can observed that the highest value of F.E.R was at rats group fed on 40% triangular Snacks when compared with control group. followed by 40% longitudinal Snacks and in annular snacks was the last one. ENGLISH SUMMARY 148 Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on total body weight, Kidney and Liver of Rats (g): body weight: Results observed that the higher value of BWG was at rats group fed on 40% snacks especially longitudinal snacks group when compared with control group. Followed by triangular snacks and in annular snacks the values was lower than all groups. Kidney: Results observed that the highest increased of kidney weight is in rats group fed on 40% longitudinal Snacks followed by triangular Snacks and in annular snacks the values was lower than all groups. Liver: Results showed also, that the highest increased of kidney weight is in rats group fed on 40% longitudinal snacks followed by triangular snacks and in annular Snacks the values was lower than all groups. |