الفهرس 
SnacksOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 215 |  |  |
| | | from | 215 | | |
Abstract
In these days, spread eating habits in our Arab society, especially
among groups of children, students, schools and universities and more
prevalent these habits and eating snacks and crackers.
Snack is any food taken out with a regular mealtime (namely
breakfast, lunch and dinner) or snack item taken in place of such meal.
Snacking is commonly regarded by the general public as predisposing to
overweight and obesity, believing that it is more beneficial to adhere to an
eating pattern of three meals a day and based on different parameters of
measurement. However, no one definition has been universally accepted
in the scientific literature due to the problems inherent in individual
perception of what constitutes a ’snack’ as opposed to a ’meal’. Crackers
are thin, crisp wafers or biscuits, usually made of unsweetened and
unleavened dough.
Crackers are served as a snack, appetizer or light meal
accompaniment. They are eaten before, during, after and between meals,
and are a quick addition to dinner parties, picnics, lunch bags and snacks.
Crackers can be good substitutes for sweeter snacks.
So the main target of the present investigation is to study the
impact of eating snacks and crackers on the public health using albino
rats of male to know deterring.
This study was conducted using 2 types of snacks and one cracker
with cheese flavor, are available in the Egyptian market. All samples
were purchased within about one month, transported to the laboratory.
Ground and homogenized before they were dried to ensure equal
ENGLISH SUMMARY
144
moisture content. In this experiment, fifty male albino rats was used
weighting 100+5g and age 3 months. The rat divided into 10 groups each
group contained 5 rats according to the following scheme.
Group (1): This group fed on standard diet only as a negative control.
Group (2): This group fed on standard diet containing 10% of triangular
snacks powder.
Group (3): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% triangular
Snacks powder.
Group (4): This group fed on standard diet containing 40% triangular
Snacks powder.
Group (5): This group fed on standard diet containing 10% longitudinal
Snacks powder.
Group (6): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% longitudinal
Snacks powder.
Group (7): This group fed on standard diet containing. 40% longitudinal
Snacks powder.
Group (8): This group fed on standard diet containing. 10% annular
Snacks powder.
Group (9): This group fed on standard diet containing 20% annular
Snacks powder.
Group (10): This group fed on standard diet containing 40% annular
Snacks powder.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
145
During the experimental period 28 days, the consumed diet was
recorded everyday food intake, and body weight was recorded every three
day. Biological evaluation of the different diets was carried out by
determination percentage of body weight gain B.W.G. %, food intake FI
and feed efficiency ratio F.E.R. At the end of the experiment, blood
samples were collected for using to determine the following parameters:
Complete Blood Count C.B.C. (hemoglobin, red blood cells, blood
platelets and white blood cells), liver enzymes ALT and AST, kidney
functions (urea and u. acid), serum lipid profiles (Total cholesterol,
Triglycerides, HDL-c, VLDL-c and LDL-c,), serum glucose level, each
rat was rapidly opened, the liver, kidneys and spleen were removed,
cleaned in saline solution and dried to weighed and kept in formalin
solution 10% and dried then weighed and kept in formalin solution for
histopathological examination.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on liver function:
The data proved that higher value of AST and ALT was at group
40% snacks when compared with control. while the lowest was at group
10% snacks.
Also, we can noticed that the triangular snacks had the highest
effect on liver enzymes followed by annular snacks and longitudinal
snacks.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
146
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Urea, Uric
acid and Creatinine of rats:
from the results we can noticed that the highest effect on uric acid
and urea was by triangular snacks followed by annular snacks and
longitudinal snacks on 40%. results also, showed the same effect on
creatinine.
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Cholesterol,
HDL, LDL, VLDL and Triglycerides of Rats:
Serum Cholesterol:
We can noticed that the higher value was at 40% triangular Snacks
when compared with control group and other groups.
Serum HDL:
Data showed that the mean value was higher at 10% triangular
Snacks. Also, The higher value was at 10% longitudinal Snacks and in
annular Snacks the higher value was at 10% when compared all with
control group.
Serum LDL:
The higher value of LDL was at 40% Snacks especially in
triangular snacks when compared with control group and other groups.
while the lowest value was in 10% annular snacks followed by
longitudinal snacks and triangular snacks.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
147
Serum VLDL:
The data proved that the higher value was at 40% triangular snacks
when compared with control group. Also, the higher value was at 40%
longitudinal snacks when compared with control group and in annular
snacks the higher value was at 40% when compared with control group.
Serum triglycerides:
The triglycerides of rats group fed on 10% was not significantly
changed. On the other hand, there was significant increased in the rats
group fed on 40% when compared wit control group.
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on Serum Glucose of
Rats:
It could be noticed that the longitudinal snacks had the highest
effect on serum glucose while the annular snacks had the lowest effect
when compared with control group.
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers Serum FER of Rats:
Serum FER:
We can observed that the highest value of F.E.R was at rats group
fed on 40% triangular Snacks when compared with control group.
followed by 40% longitudinal Snacks and in annular snacks was the last
one.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
148
Effect of feeding on snacks and crackers on total body weight,
Kidney and Liver of Rats (g):
body weight:
Results observed that the higher value of BWG was at rats group
fed on 40% snacks especially longitudinal snacks group when compared
with control group. Followed by triangular snacks and in annular snacks
the values was lower than all groups.
Kidney:
Results observed that the highest increased of kidney weight is in
rats group fed on 40% longitudinal Snacks followed by triangular Snacks
and in annular snacks the values was lower than all groups.
Liver:
Results showed also, that the highest increased of kidney weight is
in rats group fed on 40% longitudinal snacks followed by triangular
snacks and in annular Snacks the values was lower than all groups.