الفهرس 
MATERIALS AND METHODSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Studies on parasites infecting ornamental fishes Various studies on parasites infecting ornamental fishes in the world have been made. Our results in the present study focused on morphometry and morphological identification of the recovered parasite species, studying the predilection sites of parasites on the fish body, species affected and, the monthly, seasonal prevalence of infection. The examined ornamental fishes in this study were; Carassius auratus (Goldfish), Poecillia sphenops (Molly), Xiphophorus helleri (Swordtail), Pterophyllum scalare (Anglefish), Stigmatogobius (gobies), from markets in Cairo and Menoufia governorates were collected between January to December and five parasite species were found, Trichodina sp, Dactylogyrus minutus, Argulus africanus, Laernea cyprinacea, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Belong to the morphology and morphometry of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the results in this study stated that, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is large (0.5-l.0 mm), round, and completely covered with cilia and has a characteristic horseshoeshaped macronucleus encircles the tiny micronuclous. Each of several contractile vacuoles has its own micropore in the pellicle. A permanent cytopyge is located at the posterior end of the animals. Its characteristic movement varies from constantly rotating to ameboid-like, morphology of Trichodina californica are round ciliates that may be disc-shaped or hemispherical. The cytostome is on the surface that faces away from the host; this is termed the oral surface. The doral surface, attaches to the skin of the host. There is a spiral of cilia leading towards the cytostome and several rings of cilia at the periphery of the cell, responsible for creating adhesive suction and locomotory power. Body diameter (78.5 (65.9-89.6) microne, Diameter, adhesive disc (68.7(57.8-80.0) microne, Diameter, denticle ring (43.0 (35.2-51.7) microne, morphology of Dactylogyrus minutus is flatworms (Platyhelminthes), ectoparasitic and attached by special posteriorly positioned attachment organs to their host’s skin or gills. Their anterior end contains apical sensory structures, a mouth with or without accessory suckers and special glands or clamps for attachment. All are hermaphrodite. The testis is single or follicular; sperm are evacuated into a specialized, often sclerotinized copulatory organ. Female organs include ovary and follicular vitelline glands. The uterus usually contains no more than one, or only a few eggs, , it is 0.3–2 mm long and usually have one or two anterior-dorsal pairs of eyes and a posterior-ventral attachment organ (the opisthaptor). Belong to Argulus africanus, have semi-rigid to rigid chitin exoskeleton, and the chitin exoskeleton will molt, or shed, as they get larger, argulids (“fish lice”) are dorso-ventrally flattened and covered dorsally by a rounded or horseshoe shaped carapace, oval in shape and flat, 2 mm in length for males and 3.5 mm for females and while newly hatched juveniles were never found on these host fish, this could suggest that young stages utilise different hosts. Very small (1.45 mm long) individuals were also revealed from the mouth folds. The results of morphology of Myxobolus sp is that, microscopic examination revealed spores of a Myxobolus sp. with the following features: fresh spores (n 5 15) were 7.5 to 15.0 mm long and 6.2 to 10 mm wide (average size, 11.87 by 9.334 mm), and stained spores were 10.5 to 12 mm long and 6.5 to 8 mm wide (average size, 11.9 by 7.3 mm). The size of the polar capsule is 2.25 to 3.35 mm (average size, 2.115 by 4.83 mm), and the features of the spores were pyriform in shape, had thick walls, and had one suture and two polar capsules, with each one having four or five coils. The spore body was of pyriform shape and was 21.0 μm long, 8.9 μm wide and 7.5 μm thick. Elongated-pyriform polar capsules were of equal size (12.7 ⋅ 3.2 μm). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is concentrated mainly in the skin and gills and the infection was higher in the gills than the skin. Trichodina californica is present on gills, fins and skin of examined fish, for Dactylogyrus minutus , were identified in the gills of host fishes, the result in the present study agree with these results, so it revealed that, Argulus africanus is concentrated mainly in the skin and gills of the five examined species of fish, in Myxobolus sp, the results in our study were found that, the site of tissue development of Myxobolus sp was the capillary network of the gill lamellae. Monthly and seasonal prevalence, The present study revealed that, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was found in the collected samples allover the year with the highest percent was in summer season, and it was present in the markets from June to August, so persistent presence of the ciliated parasitic protozoan in the farms suggests that I. multifiliis is endemic in Egypt. considerinrg to Trichodina californica our results in this study revealed that, the parasite was found in the collected samples allover the year with the highest percent was in spring and winter season,. Belonging to Dactylogyrus minutus, our results was highest in summer and autumn. For Argulus africanus in this study, we found that, mature Argulus can be found from the start of summer and become very abundant by mid-summer, for Myxobolus sp. The highest seasonal prevalence and mean intensity of infestations of Myxobolus parasites was recorded during the winter season from the previous mentioned data we can conclude that, this study showed the seasonal prevalence of ornamental fishes parasites in Cairo and Menoufiya governorates markets (Egypt) and this need a further studies to determines the genetic factors and other regulatory factors in vitro culture that affecting this seasonal prevalence of these parasites hence affecting the growth of parasites in such temperature and media.