الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was carried out to display in detail the protocol for date
palm (Phoenix dactylifera. L.) micropropagation of the dry cultivar, i.e. Malakaby
through somatic embryogenesis, regenerated from embryogenic callus derived from
leaf primordial explants, surrounding the shoot apex of offshoots.
Addition of growth regulators to date palm callus formation medium
recorded significantly enormous effect on leaf primordial survival percentage.
Modified MS (Murashige and Skooge, 1962) medium (MMS) supplemented
with 2iP (y,y-dimethylallylamino purine) 3.0 mg/l , Kin (6-
Furfurylaminopurine) 3.0 mg/l and 2, 4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic
acid) 100 mg/l recorded high fresh weight (g), growth value and the highest
percentage value of survival, callus formation as well as the highest significant
value of embryogenic callus formation percentage after 4 months of culture
incubation.
MMS medium supplemented with NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) 0.1 mg/l in
combination with Kin (0.5 mg/l) was recorded the highest significant values of
embryogenic callus growth as well as the highest percentage values of embryos
formation, number of embryos and embryos fresh weight (g) as compared with the
control and the other kin studied treatments i.e. 0, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l. In fact, raised
Kin concentration up to the high level (1.0 mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.1
mg/l) significantly decreased all the growth characters after 4 weeks of culture
incubation.
On the other hand, individual shootlets cultured on basal MS medium
supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l) in combination with IBA (indole -3- butyric
acid) 0.5 mg/l and solidified with phyto agar (6.0 g/l) recorded the higher values of
number of leaves, leaf length (cm) and root length (cm) as well as the highest
significant values of number of roots and survival percentage in acclimatization.
It was found that, adding some complex addenda, i.e. Yeast extract, casein
hydrolysate and pineapple extract and chemical compounds, i.e. Adenine
hemisulfate, glutamine and glutathione the culture media affected positively
repetitive somatic embryos cycle, embryos growth and developments and
subsequently raised plantlets survival 13 - 33 % over the control during
acclimatization
It could conclude that adding pineapple extract to the culture media was
superior to raise plantlets survival 6- 33 % over the control in acclimatization. On
the other hand, all tryptone concentrations lowered plantlets survival 13 - 33 %
down the control during acclimatization.
Generally, soil mixture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) significantly
confirmed and reflected the variation in plantlets survival percentage after three
months of acclimatization ex vitro which mainly ascribed to the strong relationship
between the plantlets and their received natural and chemical compounds during
growth and development stages in vitro prior to transfer to ex vitro conditions.