الفهرس 
MigrationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stem cells have two special characters. First, the capacity of selfrenewing and second, the ability of differentiating into specialized cell types. There are different types of stem cells; adult stem cells (including HSCs and MSCs), and ESCs which are derived from the pluripotent ICM cells of the preimplantation blastocysts. HSCs are the archetypal stem cells, from which much of our knowledge about stem cells has arisen, and one of the most important steps in the evolution of stem cell research was the discovery that the CD34 is a HSC surface antigen.
HSCs have variable markers including pannels of different monoclonal antibodies that recognize cell surface proteins present on differentiated hematopoietic lineages (referred to as Lin) as well as the proteins SCA-1, CD27, CD34, CD38, CD43 and HLA-DR. Several cytokines play an important role in the differentiation of HSCs such as SCF, TPO, ILs-1, 3, 6, 11, and GM-CSF. Also, the recombinant cytokine, TGFβ-1, was reported to promote the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into several lineages.