الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Egypt has been exposed to serious water crises. The per capita water share is less than water
Oyerty limit. It is expected to be less than 500 m3 /year by the year 2025.
:,;]Or\e of the issues that have been raised nowadays is the integrated water resources ,,,.. . ent. Part of this issue is the accurate estimation of water demand by agriculture and the ,’. estimation of net-benefit of an irrigation water unit (IWU) as a key need for proper
lrt)anagement. These concepts have been applied as a study case; El-Nasr Main Command l,{~gion (NCR) located at the northern part of West Delta of Egypt covering an area of <~;S million feddan, and at the west of Noubaria Canal, taking into account the irrigation .~veyance cost (Ce) & irrigation water lifting cost (Le) in order to estimate the net¬. of IWU for forty-four possible crops planted at branch canals in NCR, and setting the al cropping pattern that achieve the maximum revenue of irrigation water of main canal . ering economical, and social approach.
(F . ~Consequently, the general target of this study is to define and develop an integrated _odology to activate the optimum use of several water resources available in Egypt to ~imize the irrigation water revenue by:
• Setting-up an integrated methodology for available water resources in irrigation management;
• Setting a computational model to estimate the daily water requirements for multi purpose use for the irrigation network;
• Evaluation of the current applied water resources management in quantity and on timing;
• Determination of the mismatch between water demand and supply to overcome irrigation network problems; and
• Setting an optimization model to maximize the water unit benefit taking into account the irrigation water cost and suggested cropping pattern.
• Application of HEC-RAS model Version 4 to perform the irrigation network on El-Nasr Main Canal by using the outputs of the study to check the Main Canal capacity.
Consequently, DEMAND, SUPPLY, MATCH, WATER YIELD, WATER COST, and MANAGEMENT & OPTIMIZATION Modules have been developed with time horizon of a complete year and ten days intervals, which the modules are in FORTRAN except ()PTIMIZATION in Spreadsheet through SOLVER Numerical tool of EXCEL XP.
~~; The study results indicate that the main problem of irrigation in NCR is the mismatch between
I
IY and demand. This means that available irrigation water (AIW) does not match on time &
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..•..•.......•.•••. tity, with demand irrigation water (DIW) of existing cropping pattern. In other words, there /111 excess of annual AIW at some branch canals and shortage at others. On the other hand,
is mismatch of DIW & AIW, for every branch canal on daily basis. This caused some .: lerns in land irrigation and affected, inversely, crop productivity. Therefore, it is iIcommended that Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation (MWRI) would supply irrigation water with respect to the actual crop water requirements and the existing cropping pattern at fflropriate times.
Besides, the study indicates that Rotational Flow Regime (RFR) is better than Continuous Flow Regime (CFR) in minimizing annual water conveyance losses in both lined & earthen canals. At RFR application for the cropping pattern of the year 2002, the maximum discharge needed exceeds the designed discharge of branch canal. Therefore, the study recommends that the
CFR would be applied, or RFR could be applied with the increase of canal on period thrOl peak demand, or changing the cropping pattern in order to be compatible with branch ca capacity. In addition, the study reveals that Sugarcane, Banana, Rice and Berseem crops are 1 highest of annual water consumption. Furthermore, the study reveals that Banana, win Tomatoes and winter Potatoes crops are the highest of annual net-income, while Sugarcal summer Onion, Sweet-corn, summer Maize, Rice, Berseem and Wheat crops are the lowest. TI means that winter Tomatoes, winter Potatoes & Banana crops are the highest of net-benefit lWU. While Sugarcane, summer Onion, Sweet-corn, Rice, summer Maize, summer SorghUl Berseem & Wheat crops are the lowest of net-benefit of IWU. Consequently, Sugarcane, Ric summer Maize & summer Onion are not appropriate for NCR. In addition, meat production th is depending on irrigated green provender is more expensive in water policy aspects. Therefor the study recommends importing public meat requirements. Although Wheat crop has low ne benefit of IWO, the study recommends planting in such reasonable level to conserve nation. independence and to insure essential food requirements in Egypt.
Otherwise, by application of HEC RAS Model using the outputs of the study on the irrigatio network of EI-Nasr Main Canal the study reveals that the cross section of the reach (REACH-3 that located just before pump station No. 3 for 2.0 kilometers can not pass the flow rate, whici the water surface profile raised above the designed water level although the current discharge are less than the designed discharge. It seems that the manning coefficient is the main reason additionally it is essential to expand the cross section by increasing the width of the bed.