الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 125 of buffalo offals as liver, spleen, heart, lung, and rumen (25 of each). were collected from different male buffalo carcasses less thantwo year’s age from Abies abattoir .
The collected samples were examined organoleptically, chemically. and microbiologically.
1- The results of organoleptic analysis revealed that the mean values were 9, 8, 8, 7 and 7 of liver, spleen, heart, lung, and rumen, respectively.
2-The results of chemical analysis revealed that:-
2-1-The mean values of pH analysis of liver, spleen, heart, lung, and rumen were 6.96±0.09, 6.82±0.10, 6.98±0.16, 6.08±0.07and 6.71±0.08 respectively.
2-2- The mean values of protein analysis of liver, spleen, heart, lung, and rumen were 17.43%±1.20%, 16.90%±1.20%, 10.56%±0.60%, 10.40%±0.74% and 9.62%±0.47% respectively.
2-3-The mean values of fat analysis of liver, spleen, heart, lung, and rumen were 3.50%±0.53%, 5.75%±0.65%, 5.30%±0.50 %, 3.90%±0.36% and4.61%±0.41% respectively.
2-4- There were significant differences (p<0.001) between the mean values of pH value and protein% of all offals.While the mean values of fat% were significant differences p<0.05
3-The results of microbiological analysis revealed that:-
3-1-The mean values of total mesophilic bacterial count, total psychrophilic bacterial count, ,total mould&yeast count, total coliform bacterial count,Enterobacteriaceae count and Staphylococcal count were 2.5×106±7×105 ;5.5×106±7×105; 1.4×105±5.8×104 ;9.7×105±3.3×105
; 2.4×106±6×105and 4.2×104 ±8×103 cfu / gram, respectively in examined liver samples. In spleen the result were 1.04×106±1.6×105; 5.3×106±1.3×105;1.1×105±5.8 ×104 ;1.9×106±8.8×105 ; 2.9×106± 1.1×106 and 5.1×104 ±1.2×104 cfu/ gram respectively. In heart were 6.8×105±7×104,
3.9×106±1.5×106, 1.3×105±7 .8×104, 2.4×106±1.1×106, 3.8×106±9.5×105and 2.9×104± 5×103.While in lung recorded 2.6×105±5.3×104; 4.9×106±9×105; 3.7×105±2.7×105; 4.2×106±2.3×106; 3.5×106±9×105 and 5.5×104±9×103cfu /gram respectively. Finally, the result of rumen were 3.3×105±7×104; 6.5×106±1.6×105; 4.2×104±1.2×104; 9.8×105±5.3×105; 1.4×106±5×105; and 5.6×104±7.6×103 cfu/ gram respectively.
3-2-The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from liver, spleen, heart, lung and rumen were 48%, 52%, and 28%, 28% and 52% respectively.
3-3- The incidence of Escherichia coli Isolated out of 25 examined liver samples were 40 %{ 7 (28%) Enteropathogenic, 2 (8%) Enterohaemorrhagic and 1 sample (4%) Enterotoxigenic}. While in spleen were 52 % out of 25 examined samples {9 (36%) Enteropathogenic, 3 (12%) and Enterotoxigenic 1 sample (4%). In heart were 20 % out of 25 examined samples {3 samples (12%) Enteropathogenic and 2 (8%) Enterohaemorrhagic}.
The lung recorded 20 % out of 25 examined samples {4 (16%) Enteropathogenic and 1 sample (4%) Enterohaemorrhagic } and rumen recorded 48% {7 (28%) Enteropathogenic, 3 (12%) Enterohaemorrhagic and 2 (8%) Enterotoxigenic}, respectively.
3-4- The incidence of Salmonellae isolated out of 25 examined liver samples were 40 %{ 4 samples (16%), Salmonella Typhi and 6 samples (24%) Salmonella Typhimurium} .While in spleen were 32 % out of 25 examined samples {1 sample (4%) Salmonella Typhi, 5 samples (24%) Salmonella Typhimurium and 2 samples (8%) Salmonella Dublin}. In heart were 12 % out of 25 examined samples {3 samples (12%) Salmonella Typhimurium}.
The lung recorded 8 % out of 25 examined samples {2 samples (8%) Salmonella Typhimurium} and rumen recorded 52% {1 sample (4%) Salmonella Typhi, 5 samples (24%) Salmonella Typhimurium, 2 samples (8%) Salmonella Dublin, 4 samples (16%) Salmonella Enteritidis and 1 sample (4%) Salmonella Paratyphi} respectively.
3-5- The incidence of pathogenic fungi were 28%, 28%, 52%, 60%, 20%,32% respectively, for Fusarium, Penicillium. Cladosprium,
A.flavus, A.niger and Alternaria in examined liver samples.
In spleen were 32%, 40%, 20%, 20% respectively, for Fusarium, Penicillium. A.flavus and A.niger. While in heart were 32%, 12%, 20% and 12% For Penicillium, Mucor,A.niger and Nigrospore ,respectively.
In lung were 32%, 52%, 32% for Fusarium, Penicillium and A.flavus respectively. But the rumen recorded 52%, 52%, 60%, 32%, and 20% for Fusarium, A.terrus, Penicillium, A.niger and Alternaria respectively.
3-6- The incidence of yeast in liver were 32%, 20% for.Rhodotorullea and Candida kiusci, respectively. While in spleen was 16% for Rhodotorullea only. In heart was 32% and 20% for Rhodotorullea and Candida albicans, respectively. While in lung were 32% and 20% for Rhodotorullea and Candida albicans respectively. Yeast could not be detected from examined samples.
3-7- There no significant differences p<0.05 between the means values of total psychrophilic bacterial count, ,total mould&yeast count, total coliform bacterial count,Enterobacteriaceae count and Staphylococcal count of examined offals.
But only total mesophilic bacterial count means values were significant differences p<0.05 between the liver and other examined offals (spleen, heart, lung and rumen).
4-TSP when used by10%/5 min, 8%/10 min. and 6%/15 min.,the reduction rate of Staphylococcus aureus in experimentally contaminated liver sample were 91.8 % ,81 % and 77.7%, respectively.
While in experimental contaminated lung sample 92%, 86.7 % and 77.5 %, respectively.
When using lactic acid concentrations as 2%/10 sec., 1.5%/15 sec. and 1%/20 sec., the reduction rate of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental contaminated liver sample were 91.2%, 89% and 69.2%, respectively. While in experimental contaminated lung sample 96 %, 88.7% and 81%, respectively.
So, the best concentration /time to decontamination of offals
TSP 10%/5 min and lactic acid 2%/10 sec.