الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different type of floor on different pattern of behaviour of sheep. Also study the effect of presence of ram on induction of estrus. Moreover, flushing effect was studied on behaviour, productive performance and immunity of ewes and lambs.
Experiment Ι:
This experiment was planned to study behaviour and performance of ewes under two different type of floor (concrete Vs straw). Two groups of native ewes were used as the 1st group were housed on concrete floor while other group of ewes were housed on straw bedding (n=5). Behavioural observations were performed during 6 weeks accompanied by weighting ewes at 1st week then again at the end of 6th week. The obtained results were as follow: 1-The behaviour due to floor type was significantly differed where ewes housed on straw had higher feeding time (21.68±1.05 Vs 13.68±0.67 min./hr), rumination time (22.36±0.88 Vs 20.61±1.52 min./hr) and drinking frequency was (0.94±0.06 Vs 0.59±0.03 freq./hr), also standing time (7.51±0.73 Vs 5.97±0.72 min./hr) , frequency of walking (5.55 ±0.45 Vs 3.15±0.24 freq./hr) , running (0.08±0.02 Vs 0.02±0.01 freq./hr), scratching(1.75±0.25 Vs 1.04±0.09 freq./hr), sniffing manager(0.14±0.02 Vs 0.06±0.02 freq./hr), sniffing wall(0.52±0.07 Vs 0.25±0.04 freq./hr), sniffing other (0.26±0.05 Vs 0.11±0.02 freq./hr) all were increased. While, lying time (26.39±1.08 Vs 14.1±1.29 min./hr) , sternal recumbancy (17.47±1.00 Vs 10.32±0.81), butting (0.26±0.03 Vs 0.11±0.03 freq./hr) and pawing (0.28±0.05 Vs 0.01±0.01 freq./hr) were higher in ewes housed on concrete floor than ewes housed on straw.
2-There were slight significant differences were observed in average weight gain of both groups as weight gain was (2.71±0.52 Vs 3.14±0.34 kg) for both group housed on concrete and straw bedding respectively.
Experiment ΙΙ:
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ram presence on induction of estrus in ewes. This study was carried out on 10 native ewes, they were divided in to two groups (n=5). The 1st group ram was housed with ewes continuously while in 2nd group ewes are housed without ram. Signs of estrus was observes for both group and record when signs of estrus will observed firstly. The obtained results were:
1-Estrus signs was observed in 1st group (with ram) after introduction of ram by about (15.00±1.70 day) while estrus was observed in the 2nd group (without ram) after about (30.6±2.76 day). These results revealed that presence of ram significantly effect on induction and shorten estrus duration.
Experiment ΙΙΙ:
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of flushing on neonatal behaviour, productive performance and immunity of lambs. Flushing was performed by giving ewes special feeding programme for 4-6 weeks post parturient.1st group was flushed and 2nd group was non flushed (n=4).Nursing time and nursing frequency of lambs were recorded at 1st 4 weeks of age for both flushed and non flushed group. Birth weight, weekly weight gain, weaning weight gain and total weight gain were recorded. Also, some biochemical measures for both ewes and their lambs were estimated as total protein, albumin and gamma globulin in colostrum of ewes and serum of lambs after birth. The obtained results were as follow:
1-Nursing time of lambs during 1st 4 weeks was significantly higher in flushed group than non flushed group (93.84±3.53 Vs 45.18±1.69 sec./hr) and nursing frequency (3.04±0.09 Vs 2.44±0.08 freq./hr) for both flushed and non flushed lambs respectively.
2-Birth weight of lambs was (5.20±0.25 Vs 3.85±0.16 kg.), Weight in 1st week (6.23±0.33 Vs 4.71±0.08 kg.), in 2nd week (7.10±0.35 Vs 5.7±0.09 kg.), in 3rd group (8.33±0.28 Vs 6.53±0.14 kg.), in 4th week (9.80±0.15 Vs 7.40±0.16 kg.), weaning weight (12.73±0.27 Vs 9.55±0.21 kg.) and total weight gain (7.53±0.28 Vs 5.70±0.36 kg.) for both flushed and non flushed lambs respectively.
3-Biochemical measures in ewe’s colostrum for both flushed and non flushed group was estimated as total protein level was (10.39±0.64 Vs 6.37±0.23 g/dl.), albumin (4.45±0.19 Vs 2.84±0.04 g/dl.) and gamma globulin (5.28±0.35 Vs 2.91±0.06 g/dl.). While in serum of lambs total protein level was (8.57±0.12 Vs 5.95±0.11 g/dl.), albumin level (2.47±0.04 Vs 1.43±0.06 g/dl.) and gamma globulin level was (8.57±0.12 Vs 5.95±0.11g/dl.)