الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of new alternative fuels and developing the current combustion systems are anticipated as a result of the increasing interest in controlling combustion emissions and overcoming energy shortage in the future.
Recently, natural gas-hydrogen hybrid fuel is regarded as one of the most promising alternative for traditional fossil fuels. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of the natural gas-hydrogen hybrid fuel in a free jet turbulent diffusion flame issuing into a slow co-flowing air stream.
Additionally, the characteristics of the hybrid fuel flame are passively controlled by the use of a set of nozzles arranged vertically and spaced apart around the burning jet. In the current work, this technique is named as”air nozzle-cascading”. The visual characteristics and structure of the natural gas-hydrogen flame in the presence of the nozzle-cascading are examined. The effects of changes in the nozzle-cascading design parameters on the combustion characteristics and emissions of the natural gas-hydrogen flame are also examined, to identify the optimal design of the cascade. Finally, an investigation of the influence of co-flowing air stream velocity and fuel jet Reynolds number variations on the nozzle-cascading technique performance is conducted.