الفهرس 
Anatomical considerationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The knee actually consists of 2 joints: the femorotibial joint and the patellofemoral joint. The femorotibial joint is the largest joint in the body and is considered to be a modified hinged joint containing the articulating ends of the femur and tibia.(1)
¬By the end of growth the knees are normally in 5-7 degrees of valgus. The distal femoral joint line is in slight valgus and the tibia is in slight varus to the proximal tibial joint line. Any deviation from this may be regarded as deformity.(7)
Knee deformities may be angular deformities (genu varum or valgum), sagittal plane deformities (hyperextension or flexion deformities) or rotational deformities (internal or external rotation deformities). Coronal and sagittal deformities often occur together. (7,8,33)
The aim of the surgery is to correct the alignment, with the ultimate goal of obtaining appropriate alignment to provide pain relief and functional improvement over a long-term period. Appropriate patient selection and careful surgical technique is necessary to achieve these goals with a minimal risk of complication.(36)
Osteotomy has been accepted as a surgical treatment for arthritis for many years now. It is not appropriate to have an absolute upper age limit for osteotomy, but more appropriate to consider the patients activity level and expectations.(36)
Deformity can become one of the indications for arthroplasty in patients less active and over 60 years old with moderate arthritis and variable levels of pain. (44) The ideal candidate for unicompartmental is a patient over the age of 60, with a relatively sedentary lifestyle, who suffers from degenerative joint disease limited to one compartment, with good range of motion. Other authors suggest that the use of UKA should be extended to a younger population.(37,50) the sedentary retired person with medical comorbidities would probably be better managed with total knee arthroplasty. In this case, an arthroplasty would likely give satisfactory function and longevity.(36)