الفهرس 
Pathology, Staging and Diagnosis of prostate cancer.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
• Our assay aimed to asses the most recent tumor markers of prostate cancer. Discussion of their types, role in diagnosis, role in staging, and disease follow up.
• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing continues to have an important role in prostate cancer detection but it is limited by its poor specificity.
• PSA isoforms have improved our understanding of the biochemistry behind PSA and prostate cancer but have failed to demonstrate dramatic improvement in the detection accuracies.
• Despite the current interest in PSMA as a target of therapy for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and clinical use of PSMA-directed tumor imaging (ProstaScint), PSMA expression in primary prostate cancer has not been evaluated previously as a standalone prognostic marker.
• Common genetic alterations in prostate cancer patients have been identified, including CpG hypermethylation of GSPT1 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion.
• Serum and urine detection of RNA biomarkers and prostate cancer tissue protein antibodies are being evaluated for detection and prognostic tools.
• There is a need for better tools to not only identify men with prostate cancer, but also to recognize those with potentially lethal disease who will benefit from intervention.