الفهرس 
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Abstract
Above all, I thank my ALLAH who stood by my side and never gave up on me, and gave me power and strength to finish this work.
No words can express my grateful and gratitude to my respectful teachers Prof. Dr. Hassan Farag and Prof. Dr Mohamed Samir Mohy El Din for their supervision, time, guidance, revising the work, suggestions, and insight. They put me in the right direction and their technical knowledge was invaluable asset that helped in keeping me focused and pointed me in the right direction.
Special thanks to my family for their support ,and encouragement.
I can’t forget my colleagues’ support, encouragement, and endurance; I would like to thank them for being by my side in the hard times. In particular Dr. Marwa Dr. Hanaa, Dr. Noha, Dr. Omnia, Dr. Tamer, Dr. Ahmed Omar, Dr. Mohamed, and Noor.