الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In Egypt, schistosomiasis is one of the most serious rural health problems which infects more than 15 of the population. S. mansoni is more common in most areas of the Delta than S. haematobium. After construction of the Aswan High Dam, prevalence of S. haematobium decreased while S. mansoni prevalence increased. The snail intermediate host is an essential link in the Schistosome life cycle which is affected by environmental factors including physical factors (temperature, turbidity, , etc.), chemical factors (pH, dissolved solids, hardness, .,,”, etc.), and biological factors (algae, aquatic vegetation, , etc.). Water contact has been the greatest risk factor of schistosome infection. Schistosomiasis is a disease that has caused Ill1sery to people, deaths, and a marked loss of productivity. Many control schemes have been tried in Egypt. The provision of adequate water and acceptable sanitation should be the most effective method of schistosomiasis control with additional social and medical benefits. Thus, the aim of this work is to identify the relationship between improved water and sanitation and schistosomiasis transmission. Two villages were selected in Menoufia govemorate to carry out this study, Kom EI-Akhdar village which belongs to Markaz Shebin EI-Korn and El-Roda village which belongs to Markaz Birket El-Saba. The two villages have piped water supply but EI-Kom village has, in addition, sewage collection system and sewage treatment plant. As a result of baseline census survey, EI-Roda has a larger population than EI-Kom and has less households with water connections. Epidemiological results showed that the prevalence rate of S. mansoni was 8.1 for Kom EI-Akhdar and 27.90/0 for EI-Roda while S. haematobium prevalence was < 1 for both villages. As a result of sanitary survey of surface water bodies and irrigation canals, sampling sites were chosen taking in consideration the presence of pollution sources. In Kom EIAkhdar, fifteen stations were chosen from its surface water bodies and two stations from the sewage treatment plant while in EI-Roda village, eighteen stations were chosen from its surface water bodies. These stations were classified into village stations and fields stations. The study was started at March 1992 till March 1994. Water samples were collected seasonally and snails samples were collected twice monthly ttom canals and mesqas every 25 meters along the canals in both villages. At each site, the presence of vegetations and other environmental polluting activities were recorded. The collected snails were counted, identified, and tested for infection under microscope at the field. The water samples were analysed for various parameters, physical, chemical, and biological. The results are summarized as follows: (4) Kom EI-Akhdar village 1. Results of water samples 1.1. Physical Temperature mean value was 20.4°C. Turbidity shows a high mean value during Winter season (16.7 NTU).