الفهرس 
الفصل الأوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
There is no dobt that techniques of firearms had continues development, and with this development they had to build fortifications to resist these arms, and it development of arms affected on fortifications plans.
And these kinds of arms also affected on fortifications plans and its architectural elements, for example, using classic arms in the past like ” swords, daggers, simple bows, backed bows, arrows and catapults … etc ” suited with fortifications plans like walls and towers height, the square or circle plan arrow slits and machicouils … etc.
All this architectural elements were suited with the classic and simple arms.
Fortifications plans were used in middle age without any change until the development of arms from simple arms to firearm’s. The historians considered this develop a great development.