الفهرس 
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Abstract
XYLA and DETO therapy remains the leading sedative to minor standing operations, despite its use may result in adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory changes as hypotension, hypoventilation and hypoinsulinemia.
The overall objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of TOLA and ATIP in reversal the adverse effects resulted from α2 agonist injection as XYLA and DETO and also their effect on reversal of sedatives when combined with BUTO.
The study was conducted on 9 apparently healthy donkeys. Their ages ranged from 4-7 years and weighing 150-300 kg.
The study consisted of 3 experiments, each one was carried out on 9 donkeys divided into 3 groups, the interval between the first and second experiment was 2 weeks at least.
The donkeys in the first experiment was divided as the following 3 of them in group 1, received an i.v. injection of XYLA (1.1 mg/kg), 3 animals in group 2, received XYLA followed by TOLA (4 mg/kg) 15 min later and group 3 include 3 donkeys were injected with ATIP (0.1 mg/kg) after XYLA injection by 15 min.
Donkeys of the second experiment, included 3 donkeys in group1 received an i.v. combination of XYLA and BUTO (0.04 mg/kg), 3 donkeys in group2 received the same combination followed by TOLA 15 min later and the other 3 donkeys in group3 received ATIP 15 min after XYLA and BUTO combination in donkeys.
The third experiment was the same as first one except receiving DETO (0.08 mg/kg) instead of XYLA in all the animals.
Three of them received DETO alone in group1 and 3 donkeys in group2 received TOLA after DETO and the other 3 donkeys in group3 received ATIP after DETO.
Physiological parameters including pulse rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia using pin prick test, ataxia and chin to floor distance (CTF) as an indication for the degree of sedation were recorded at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min post drug administration. Blood samples for measurement of Haemato- biochemical effects also were noted at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 24hr.
The main findings from this study can be summarized as follow:
• Sedative effect produced by XYLA, XYLA+BUTO and DETO were reversed by TOLA injection while ATIP resulted in incomplete reversal of sedative effect of XYLA+BUTO and DETO.
• TOLA also reversed the analgesic effect of XYLA+BUTO and DETO on contrary to the effect of ATIP which had no effect on the analgesia produced by XYLA and XYLA+BUTO while attenuated the analgesia produced by DETO.
• Ataxia was profound after XYLA+BUTO than other treatments. This ataxia reversed rapidly and intensively after ATIP injection rather than after TOLA injection in all groups.
•XYLA, XYLA+BUTO and DETO resulted in significant decrease in pulse and respiratory rate and this effect was effectively reversed by TOLA and ATIP. It is worth pointing out that ATIP characterized by gradual reversal for the clinical effects of XYLA and XYLA + BUTO while TOLA characterized by sudden reversal. Both TOLA and ATIP reversal effect on DETO treated donkeys were similar and quite. However, injection of these agonists and antagonists had no significant effect on rectal temperature.
• The fluctuating effects in hematology which appeared after XYLA, XYLA+BUTO and DETO were reversed by ATIP and TOLA.
• XYLA significantly increased glucose level which was reversed transiently after ATIP and TOLA injection in XYLA treated donkeys. After that, there was significant increase in glucose level at the end of the experiment. XYLA + BUTO and DETO also resulted in significant increase in glucose level and using of the antagonist restore it to the baseline.
• The change in liver enzymes in all treatments was within the physiological limits.