الفهرس 
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Abstract
androgen deficiency is emerging as a primary risk factor for a host of disorders including obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes
Studies examining associations between serum estradiol concentrations and CVD risk in men have been inconclusive. Despite several reports suggesting that low concentrations of estradiol are associated with an increased risk of CVD in men , some investigators have found no significant association between estradiol concentration and the prevalence of CVD adding to dilemma ,few researchers postulated the association between high estradiol level and CVD in men.
This study included, a total number of 120 men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetics were selected so that both adult and elderly men(above 65 years) as representing the two main group will be equal in number.
Each group of the two main groups included four subgroups each one included 15 diabetics:
1. group A: well controlled non complicated diabetics 2. group B: poorly controlled non complicated diabetics
3. group C :patients with diabetic retinopathy as an index of diabetic microangiopathy complications (fundus examination was done in outpatient clinic of ophthalmology department). 4. group D: patients with CVD as an index of diabetic macroangiopathy complications .