الفهرس 
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Abstract
In Egypt, several detailed studies have been carried out on analysis of buffalo, cow and goat milk, but it is very rare for camel’s milk. Consequently, the present study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and sanitary evaluation of raw camels’ milk and colostrum and to assess for the protective role of camels milk against the infection by schistisoma mansoni. Therefore, we suggest collecting a total of 150 random individual samples of raw camel milk and 75 Colostrum from different places in the province of Matrouh. Samples were dispatched to the laboratory with a minimum of delay where they were examined chemically and microbiologically.
Out of the present study, the results indicate the following:
Part I: Physicochemical and sanitary evaluation of raw camel’s milk and colostrum:
1. Physical evaluation:
Freezing point: The mean value of Freezing point percentages of the examined raw camel raw camels’ milk samples was -0.62± 0.10. The respective mean the examined Colostrum sample was -0.74 ± 0.14.
Electrical conductivity: the mean value of the electrical conductivity of the examined raw camel raw camels’ milk was 35.33 ± 0.41. Also, the electrical conductivity of the examined Colostrum samples varied from 24.56 to 33.82 with a mean value of 28.95 ± 0.58.
2. Chemical evaluation raw camel’s milk and colostrum:
2.1. Gross composition of raw camel’s milk and colostrum:
Total solids content: total solid content of examined raw camel’s milk samples ranged from 8.94 to 20.91 with a mean value of 15.93 ± 0.12%. Also, the respective mean of total solid content of examined colostrum samples was 16.39 ± 0.14.
Fat content: The mean value of the fat content of the examined raw camel camel’s milk samples was 3.49± 0.089. The fat percent of the examined Colostrum samples varied from 0.20 to 6.45 with a mean value of 2.55± 0.127
Solids-not-fat: The mean value of solids–not–fat percent of the examined raw camel raw camels’ milk samples was 10.90± 0.10. While percent of the examined Colostrum samples varied from 8.87 to 17.56 with a mean value of 13.34± 014.
Protein content: The mean value of protein content raw milk samples was 4.07 ± 0.07.While, the mean value of protein content of Colostrum samples was 6.34±0.10.
Lactose content: lactose content of the examined raw camel milk samples ranged from 4.38 to 7.25 with a mean value of 5.94± 0.07. While lactose content of the examined Colostrum samples ranged from 3.25 to 9.63 with a mean value of 6.05± 0.10
Ash percent: the mean value was 0.91 ± 0.01. While the respective mean of ash content of examined Colostrum samples was 0.74 ± 0.01.
2.2. Minor composition of raw camel’s milk and colostrum:
Iron content: the mean value of Iron content of examined raw camel samples was 0.302 ± 0.022. While, the respective mean of iron content of examined Colostrum samples was 0.412 ± 0.023.
Zinc content: The mean value Zinc content of raw camel milk samples was 0.869± 0.028 .While, the respective mean of Zinc content of Colostrum samples was 0.953 ± 0.044.
Copper content: the mean value of Copper content of raw camel milk samples was 0.080 ± 0.006. While, the mean of Copper content of Colostrum samples was 0.099 ± 0.008.
Calcium content (mg/L): the mean value of Calcium content of raw camel milk samples was 34.806 ± 1.247. While, the mean value of Calcium content of Colostrum samples was 35.35 ± 1.452.
Magnesium content (mg/L): the mean value of Magnesium content of raw camel milk samples was 17.497± 0.727. While, the mean of Magnesium content of Colostrum samples was 18.454 ± 0.846.
Manganese content (mg/L): the mean value of Manganese content of raw camel milk samples was 0.030 ± 0.001. While, the mean value of Manganese content of Colostrum samples was 0.043 ± 0.002.
Lead and Cadmium content: they could not be detected either in raw camel’s milk or in colostrum.
3- Sanitary evaluation of raw camel’s milk and colostrum:
Titratable acidity percent: The mean value of titratable acidity percent of raw camels’ milk was 0.13 ± 0.0014. While, the respective mean of titratable acidity percent of colostrum was 0.16 ± 0.002.
Part II: Evaluation the protective role of raw camels’ milk against schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.
There was significant (P<0.05) difference between control group and infected group with cercaria of schistosoma fed on camels milk for 75 days in serum transaminase activities (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), Also, there was significant difference (P>0.05) between the groups in serum total proteins, Globulin and albumen.
There was significant (P>0.05) difference between the control and infected group with cercaria of schistosoma fed on camels milk for 75 days in ALP and IgG.