الفهرس 
Classification of congenital ptosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Blepharoptosis is an abnormally low position of the upper eyelid margin, determined while the eye is looking in primary gaze. It may result from trauma, masses, and congenital or acquired abnormalities of the levator or Müller neuromuscular complexes.
Congenital ptosis is a common anomaly that may range from minimal degree that is even unnoticeable, up to severe and even complete ptosis. It occurs more commonly as a unilateral condition, but it may be bilateral.
Eyes with congenital ptosis show significantly increased frequency and amount of refractive errors and amblyopia compared to the fellow non-ptotic eye and to normal individuals. This amblyopia is not only related to an obscured visual axis (stimulus deprivation amblyopia) as it was usually thought, but more commonly related to amblyogenic refractive errors as astigmatism and anisometropia.
Until we can accurately determine the exact association between congenital ptosis and these optical and visual defects, early and proper correction of refractive error is needed to decrease amblyopia and improve vision.