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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating illness that can affect any aspect of the CNS, including the cranial nerves. The cause of the illness is unknown, although most hypotheses point toward a viral or autoimmune etiology.
The disorder is generally viewed as a solely neurological condition with clinical manifestations that include motor impairment, sensory deficits, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and optic neuritis.
Multiple sclerosis tends to follow one of four clinical courses, each of which may be of varying severity. The most common (in 66% of patients) is a relapsing-remitting course in which there is total recovery after an exacerbation. Secondary-progressive, primary-progressive multiple sclerosis, and benign multiple sclerosis are the other types.
The range of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been prospectively assessed. Neuropsychiatric symptoms apparently in patients with MS include depressive symptoms, suicidal attempts, fatigue, vocational and coping changes, cognitive impairment, euphoria and laughing, mania, and loss of control.