الفهرس 
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Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of wild and domesticated cloven-hoofed animals and is probably the most contagious disease known to humanity, clinically the disease is characterized by high fever, anorexia, acute vesicular stomatitis, vesicular dermatitis in feet and udder, high rate of morbidities, and mortalites in new boms. It was in the top of Epizootic of OIE list (A). The complexity of the disease includes the host range of more than 33 domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. Although most of the countries in the European Union and in North America have controlled the disease by slaughter of infected and exposed animals, the disease is endemic to many countries of Africa, Asia, and South America.Thus using of regular prophylactic vaccination using an immuno dominant local strain of the virus is therefore practiced in many countries as a primary control measure.
The specific objectives of this study were done to investigate the seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease virus(FMDV) antibodies among cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat herds in EL Dakhlia and EL Sharkia provinces using Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA) and Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) after that comparison the recorded result and comparing the results recorded by each technique to detect animal which contains protective level of Antibody titer. And observing humeral immune response of farm animals ”cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat ” vaccinated with Binary Etheleneimine (BEI) FMD inactivated vaccine to determine the best time of revaccination with FMD vaccine and determine the efficiency of marketable disinfectant on FMDV to prevent and control of FMD.
This work included four experiment.
I- The first and second experiment
Include the epidemiological survey and serological studies were done for detection of protective antibody titer(the animal is capable of resist the infection) in El Dakahlia and El Sharkia provinces.
The obtained results were included that:
1. The results of epidemiological survey on farm animals of EL Dakhlia and EL Sharkia provinces by using (ELISA) revealed that the incidence percentage of infection with FMDV were not exceed than 37.5% and there is no actual out break during the period of the study and this due to obligatory vaccinal programs.
2. Because of vaccination programs the presence of high percent of protected animals in EL Dakhlia province (73.3%) and in EL Sharkia province (60.2%).
3. Collection of serum samples (1647) from farm animals for determination of Sceening of the collected 1647 serum samples for the presence of FMDv specific antibodies was be done using ELISA and SNT. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against FMDv in 254 out of 465 tested cattle serum samples (54.62 %), in 255 out of 433 tested buffalo serum samples (58.89%), in 261 out of 470 tested sheep serum samples (55.53 %), in 164 out of 279 tested goat serum samples (58.73 %) . Because the history of no previous infection against FMDV is known the detected antibodies may be due to vaccination. The same serum samples (1647) were also examined using ELISA. The presence of specific antibodies to FMDv in 322 out of 465 tested serum samples (71.61%) in 284 out of 433 tested buffalo serum samples (65.58%),
in 321 out of 470 tested sheep serum samples (68.29%),and in 190 out of