الفهرس 
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Abstract
Neural tube defects constitute a heterogeneous group of developmental abnormalities that occur during the formation of the neural tube. They could occur in the spinal region in which case they are referred to as spinal dysraphism (more common) while those occurring in the cranial region are referred to as cranial dysraphism. The incidence in developed western societies is 3-4 per 1000 live births.
The urologist, orthopaedic surgeon, paediatrician, psychotherapist and physiotherapist all play a major role in the early and late management of these patients as a team. The aim of surgery is to create the anatomic barriers over the delicate neural tissues preventing their desiccations and retrograde infection. It is to be emphasized that the repair does not improve the neurological deficits already present at birth and this must be properly explained to the family of the patient.
Spinal Ultrasound (SUS) is becoming increasingly accepted as a first line screening test in neonates suspected of Spinal Dysraphism (SD). The advantages of SUS are not only a diagnostic sensitivity equal to MRI but that, unlike MRI, SUS can be performed portably, without the need for sedation or general anaesthesia .
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