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Abstract
there experiments were carried out at south tahrir in west delta (30º 36′ 54″ n, 30 º 02′ 15″ e) assess 4 crops rotations. elutriated of during the winter of 2004/2005 summer 2005, winter, 2005/2006, and summer 2006. the rotations were as follows rt1 (wheat ”w” – maize ”m” – wheat ”w” - maize ”m”), rt2 (w-peanut (p) – w - m), rt3 (berseem ”b” - p - w- m) and rt4 (b - m - b - m), the experimental area was shaped into forty-eight (10 x 12 m) plots, these plots hosted the experimental treatments in a factorial randomized complete blocks design with three replications, the crop which occupied the experimental area before conducting the study was the peanut, was applied at 3 rates (low - medium - high) in addition to no-n for each crop ( for wheat : 0, 70, 90 and 110kgn / fed, for maize : 0, 80, 100 and 120 kg n/fed, for peanut : 0, 30, 40 and 60 kg n/fed and for berseem : 0, 20, 30 and 40 kg n / fed) based on the findings of the present work, the obtained results can be summarized as follows : application of the high fertilizer nitrogen rate encouraged the growth and yield performance of all adopted crops, the same treatment enhanced the quality of the produced product rendering it qualified as either animal feed or as human food, the highest fertilizer nitrogen application was variable from a crop to another and from a cereal to a leguminous crop too, the responses achieved in this study are much relevant to the study area and the like ones with regard to the prevailing severe conditions, the initial content of nutrients in the soil prior to every cultivated crop in all applied crop rotations not only controlled the growth performance of the respective crop but also contributed to its product quality, cereal crops were inferior to leguminous ones especially in proliferating plant nutrients in the soil system, productivity of soil as affected by rotation was assessed in terms of yield response of the grain crops (wheat and maize) as related to the position of the crop in the rotation, in all cases grain yield was greater when the crop followed a legume than when it followed a grain crop as follows : with regard to wheat productivity of the rotations (rt1, rt2 and rt3) which included wheat crop show that (rt3) was the most productive whereas rt2was the least productive (regarding yield of wheat) the wheat treatments within these rotations could be arranged in the following descending order : for yield of grains : cr3rt3 cr3rt2 cr1rt2 cr1rt1 cr3rt1 for yield of straw : cr3rt3 > cr3rt2 = cr1rt2 = cr1rt1 = cr3rt1 in all condition of high productivity wheat followed a legume crop) with regard to maize : maize was included in four rotations, rt1, rt2, rt3and rt4, and occupied six different positions, i.e. different treatments (cr2rt1, cr4rt1, cr4rt2, cr4rt3, cr2rt4, cr4rt4), the main effect show the following order cr4rt4 cr2rt4 cr4rt3 cr4rt2 cr2rt1 cr4rt1, therefore maize yields in rt1and rt2 rotations were lower than in the two other rotations (rt3 and rt4), with regard to peanut : peanut was included in two rotations (rt2andrt3), it occupied one position in each rotation i.e. two treatments (cr2rt2 and cr2rt3), growing peanut following one season of the berseem legume crop is a more productive rotation for peanut crop, it indicates that there was a positive residual effect of berseem ) with regard to berseem : berseem was included in two rotations (rt3 and rt4), in all cuts the position of berseem as a crop following a grain crop was of lower productivity than its being a starting crop, therefore, with legume being grown after a grain crop, a lower productivity of the legume crop was evident.