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Abstract
This study was conducted during 2005 - 2006 by using Castel rock. Tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in Etay El-Baroud Agricultural research station, El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. The treatments included thiamethoxam, lambda - cyhalothrin and lufenuron insecticides using the recommended rates 20g / 100 liters water, 40 Cm3 / 100 liters water and 160 Cm3 /100 liters water, respectively. For control of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Research objectives could be summarized as follow. 1- To study the determination of the tested insecticide residues on and in tomato fruit i.e., Thiamethoxam, Lambda-cyhalothrin and lufenuron at different time intervals during season 2005 and 2006. 2- To investigation of the population density of whitefly in both (2005 - 2006) (Match - Actara - Lambda). The following points provide a summary of such study. I- The recovery percentages of tested pesticides in / on tomato were 92.50% ، 93.92% and 92.81% for thiamethoxam, Lambda - cyhalothrin and lufenuron respectively. II- Also, half - life time, t ½ = 1.367 ، 1.883 ، 5.89 day in statistical equation for thiamethexam, lambda - cyhalotrin and lufenuron respectively and semilogarithimic liner regression = 3.96 , 2.98 , 3.4 day. III- Residues of thiamethoxam, lambda - cyhalothrin and luferon in / on tomato fruit at different time intervals during. 1- Residues of thiamethoxam in / on tomato at different time intervals during season (2005 and 2006) 5.29 ، 3.45 ، 2.79 ، 1.54 ، 1.14 ، 0.013mg/kg season (2005) after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively and season (2006) 5.36 ، 3.67 ، 2.98 ، 1.64 ، 1.23 ، 0.012 mg/kg after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively. 2- Residues of lambda - cyhalothrin in / on tomato at different time intervals during season 2005 and 2006. 0.51 ، 0.351 ، 0.258 ، 0.114 ، 0.075 ، 0.003 mg/kg season (2005) after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively and season 2006 (0.651 ، 0.412 ، 0.312 ، 0.121 ، 0.087 ، 0.004 after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively. 3- Residues of Lufenuron in / on tomato fruit at different time intervals during season 2005 and 2006. 0.302 ، 0.217 ، 0.169 ، 0.094 ، 0.065 mg/kg, nd after on hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 day respectively and season 2006 (0.317 ، 0.249 ، 0.197 ، 0.112 ، 0.078 mg/kg, nd after one hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively. Generally, the results obtained from this part study revealed that the residual level of Thiametheoxam, Lambda - cyhalothrin and Lufenuron on and in tomato fruit was less than maximum residual level (MRL : 0.02 , 0.005 , 0.05) which recommended by codex Aliment ration. IV- The satisfactory initial and residual effects of Lufenuron (match) in reducing the population density of white fly, Bemisia spp in both 2005-2006. 1- On the adult stage. The results were 87.42 , 92.6 , 85 , 90.87 and 84.52 % for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 60.19 , 86.75 , 43.25 , 49.89 and 33.93% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively , while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 94.05 , 92.62 , 87.92 and 85.51% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 86.31 , 43.65 , 37.73 and 58.4% for the residual activity. 2- On the immature stage of whitefly on tomato (2005-2006)82.7, 82.85 , 89.9 and 83.27% for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 70.07 , 72.22 , 38.44 , 33.51 and 52.26% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively white the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 83.5 , 95.37 , 98.69 and 98.51% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 62.66 , 85.24 , 30.8 , 47.46 and 43.43% for the residual activity. 3- On the egg stage of whitefly in tomato plants in both 2005 and 2006 season. The results were 73.05 , 71.6 , 67.8 , 72.94 and 88.57% for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 68.25 , 64.13 , 21.26 , 55.36 and 56.45% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 97.21 , 94.22 , 88.06 , 87.71 and 90.41% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 82.9 , 69.19 , 54.31 , 34.73 , 56% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 82.9 , 69.19, 54.31 , 34.73 , 56 and 54.03% for the residual activity. V- Effect of the applied lambda cyhalothrin against whitefly on tomato plants. 1- On the adult stage of whitefly on tomato plants The results were 91.4 , 87.16 , 73.5 , 89.79 and 84.2% for initial mortality from first, second, third , fourth and fifth spray respectively and 59.33 , 86.25 , 42.05 , 41.63 and 25.72% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 97.2 , 91.93 , 90.32 , 96.16 and 92.58% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 79.16 , 63.57 , 50.79 , 46.29 and 60.17% for the residual activity. 2- On the immature stage of whitefly on tomato plants 2005-2006. The results were 82.7 , 75.92 , 82.36 , 80.26 and 88.45% for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 70.06 , 69.18 , 43.17 , 31.58 and 59.57% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 92.1 , 98.01 , 93.44 , 99.04 and 95.5174% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 38.5 , 84.99 , 37.2 , 53.85 and 36.33% for the residual activity. 3- On the egg stage of whitefly in tomato plants in both 2005 and 2006 season. The results were 72 , 69.9 , 63.02 , 73.7 and 84.28% for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 65.36 , 70.05 , 26.19 , 58.35 and 57.16% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 98 , 95.83 , 86.36 , 89.09 and 92.09% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 84.04 , 72.036 , 55.3127 , 39.35 and 41.083% for the residual activity.V1-Effect of the applied thiamethoxam (Actara) against whitefly on tomato plants. 1-On the adult stage of whitefly on tomato plants in both 2005 and 2006 seasons. The results were 87.25 , 87.6 , 72.65 , 94.11 and 79.34% for initial mortality from first, second, third , fourth and fifth spray respectively and 49.335 , 85.90 , 41.60 , 56.70 and 29.25 for the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 90.7 , 92.29 , 60.66 , 91.95 and 86.40% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 83.85 , 61.77 , 53.44 , 51.9 and 52.27% for the residual activity. 2- On the immature stage of whitefly on tomato plants in both 2005-2006 season. The results were 82.3 , 70.28 , 64.65 , 81.57 and 86.45% for initial mortality and 65.46 , 63.76 , 32.02 , 42.97 and 63.006% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 73.5 , 93.86 , 92.85 , 95.9 and 94.73% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 54.35 , 79.65 , 38.57 , 54.24 and 43.64% for the residual activity. 3- On the egg stage of whitefly in tomato plants in both 2005 and 2006 season.The results were 6.03 , 68.4 , 69.5 , 65.2 and 84.19% for initial mortality from first, second, third, fourth and fifth spray respectively and 30.9, 60.66 , 24.55 , 53.58 and 56.02% for the mean residual activity during 2005 season at different five sprays respectively, while the effect in second season of 2006 was found as 96.5 , 92.87, 90.41 , 91.92 and 88.71% for initial mortality at different sprays respectively and 75.88 , 67.156 , 60.65 , 55.15 and 53.26% for the residual activity.